Fusing step

The toner is now held in place by weak, electrostatic charges and gravity. It will not stay there, however, unless it is made permanent, which is the reason for the next step, the fusing step. 

In the final step, the fusing step, the toner image is made permanent. The registration rollers push the paper toward the fuser rollers. Once the fuser grabs the paper, the registration rollers push for only a short time more. The fuser is now in control of moving the paper. 

A key differentiator of the CiT technology over established metai nano-particle fluids, is that no high temperature fusing step is required, this is of particular relevance to the plastics market where heat sensitive poiymeric materials are often used. 

The elastomer process is very similar to the Dennis process. It involves a number of steps in which a gas, formerly carbon dioxide and now fluorocarbon, is mixed with a plastisol under pressure. When released to atmospheric pressure, the gas expands the vinyl compounds into a low density, open-ceUed foam which is then fused with heat. 

Laminates. Laminate manufacture involves the impregnation of a web with a Hquid phenoHc resin in a dip-coating operation. Solvent type, resin concentration, and viscosity determine the degree of fiber penetration. The treated web is dried in an oven and the resin cures, sometimes to the B-stage (semicured). Final resin content is between 30 and 70%. The dry sheet is cut and stacked, ready for lamination. In the curing step, multilayers of laminate are stacked or laid up in a press and cured at 150—175°C for several hours. The resins are generally low molecular weight resoles, which have been neutralized with the salt removed. Common carrier solvents for the varnish include acetone, alcohol, and toluene. Alkylated phenols such as cresols improve flexibiUty and moisture resistance in the fused products. 

Coagulation involves neutralizing charged particles to destabilize suspended soflds. In most clarification processes, a flocculation step then follows. Flocculation starts when neutralized or entrapped particles begin to colUde and fuse to form larger particles. This process can occur naturally or can be enhanced by the addition of polymeric flocculant aids. 

Uthium-FeS 2 LiAl + FeS Li,S + 2 A1 + Fe 1.33 90 95 circulating electrolyte low cost, high temperature fused salt, second step possible... 

Anhydrous Borax. Anhydrous borax is produced from its hydrated forms, borax decahydrate or pentahydrate, by fusion (Pig. 6). Low temperature calcining is usually an intermediate step to remove water of hydration. This material is fed to a refractory brick-lined furnace and fused to a mobile Hquid at about 1000°C. 

The fluidity of coal increases and then decreases at a given temperature. This has been interpreted in terms of reaction sequence of coal — fluid coal — semicoke. In the initial step, a part of the coal is decomposed to add to that which normally becomes fluid. In the second step, the fluid phase decomposes to volatile matter and a soHd semicoke. The semicoke later fuses accompanied by evolution of additional volatile matter to form a high temperature coke. 

Unsubstituted pyrazoles and indazoles are cleaved by strong bases. Indazoles undergo ring opening more readily than pyrazoles since the fused benzene ring enhances the ease of removal of the C-3 proton in the initiating step. 

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