Fungicides group 12

Determine the resistance and cross-resistance potential of each new candidate with major fungicide groups. 

Table 12.2 Sales of fungicide groups as a % of total fungicide market in 2004. Mode of action classifications refer to FRAC codes as given in Tables 12.6-12.18. (Data Source Phillips McDougall 2005 (estimated total fungicide sales in 2004 US 7.33 billion).)...

The first representative of the new chemical class spiroketalamine within the amine fungicide group is spiroxamine, which was introduced to the public in 1996 (Table 17.22) [102]. Its chemistry and stereochemistry have been described by Kramer et al. [103, 104] and the biological spectrum has been characterized by Dutzmann [105]. 

Table 6.1 Summary of some commonly used fungicide groups...

Table 13.5 Examples of fungicide groups for disease control in wheat and barley... 

Microtubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. The ben2imida2oles were first reported to have systemic fungicidal activity in 1964 (29). Prominent examples include thiabendazole [148-79-8] (42) fuberida2ole [3878-19-1] (43) carbendazim [10605-21-7] (44) benomyl [17804-35-2] (45) and thiophanate methyl [23564-05-8] (46). Benomyl (45), the most widely used member of this group is almost certainly inactive as a fungicide until it is converted in plants and soil to carbendazim (44). Likewise, thiophanate and thiophanate methyl (46) are nonfungitoxic until converted to carbendazin (44). 

Zinc phosphate, Zn2(P0 2> forms the basis of a group of dental cements. Chromium and zinc phosphates are utilized in some metal-treating appHcations to provide corrosion protection and improved paint adhesion. Cobalt(II) phosphate octahydrate [10294-50-5] Co2(P0 2 8H20, is a lavender-colored substance used as a pigment in certain paints and ceramics. Copper phosphates exhibit bioactivity and are used as insecticides and fungicides. Zinc, lead, and silver phosphates are utilized in the production of specialty glasses. The phosphate salts of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, and Cu, are extremely water insoluble. 

Amorolfine [78613-35-17 is a molecule that is totally different from this group it is a morpholine derivative (15) (19). This substance has a broad-spectmm activity and has a fungicide effect at fairly low concentrations. The development of a nail varnish for treatment of onychomycoses could be very interesting. 

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