FUNDAMENTAL CLASSES OF ORGANIC REACTIONS

In the following sections of this chapter, we will present a few of the kinds of reactions that organic compounds undergo. A topic of such vast scope as reactivity of organic compounds can be made manageable only if we divide our study into subtopics. Nearly all organic transformations involve at least one of three fundamental classes of reactions. The following three sections will address substitution, addition, and elimination reactions. We will also look at some reaction sequences that combine reaction steps from more than one of the fundamental classes. 

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Recognize examples of the three fundamental classes of organic reactions substitution, addition, and elimination... 

Recall some uses of three fundamental classes of organic reactions and some compounds that are prepared by each class of reaction... 

In Chapter 27 we saw three fundamental classes of organic reactions and we associated the fundamental reactions with specific functional groups. In this chapter we will present some additional types of organic reactions. 

Organic chemistry is discussed in Chapters 23 and 24. Chapter 23 presents the classes of organic compounds, their structures and nomenclature (with major emphasis on the principal functional groups), and some fundamental classes of organic reactions. Chapter 24 presents isomerism and geometries of organic molecules, selected specific types, and an introduction to biopolymers. 

Kinds of Catalyzed Organic Reactions A fundamental classification of organic reactions is possible on the basis of the lands of bonds that are formed or destroyed and the natures of eliminations, substitutions, and additions of groups. Here a more pragmatic hst of 20 commercially important lands or classes of reactions will be discussed. In all instances of sohd-catalyzed reactions, chemisorption is a primary step. Often molecules are dissociated on chemisorption into... 

By contrast, the fundamental principles oipericyclic reactions, the third major class of organic reaction mechanisms, have been worked out more recently. A pericyclic reaction is one that occur.s by a concerted process through a cyclic transition state. The word concerted means that all bond-... 

Carbonyl compounds comprise a large and important class of organic substances, and the chemistry of this functional group is essential to the understanding of many chemical and biochemical processes.1 In this chapter we use a few fundamental ideas of mechanism to correlate reactions of various carbonyl functional groups. We shall touch briefly on the closely related chemistry of carbon-nitrogen double bonds. 

You will find that the early chapters of the text will emphasize concepts of reaction theory. These will be used, as the various classes of organic molecules are presented, to describe mechanisms of organic reactions. A relatively few fundamental mechanisms suffice to describe almost every reaction you will encounter. Once learned and understood, these mechanisms provide a valuable means of categorizing the reactions of organic molecules. 

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