Fulvic add

Zhou, Q. Maurice, P.A. (2001) Size fractionation upon adsorption of fulvic add on goethite equilibrium and kinetic studies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65 803—812... 

Table 2.23 Complex stabilities and electrochemical ligand parameters for humic and fulvic adds, assuming bidentate complexation...

Humic and fulvic adds are ill-defined and heterogeneous mixtures of naturally-occurring organic molecules that possess surface active properties The molecules that comprise this mixture are also known to form aggregates of colloidal dimensions Humic and fulvic adds are shown to be able to solubilize hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) in a manner that is consistent with known, micelle-forming surfactants, but not at organic carbon concentrations that are environmentally relevant In addition, it is found that some HOCs are not solubilized to the same extent as other HOCs Some implications of the micellar nature of humic materials are briefly discussed ... 

Fulvic add. That fraction of humic substances that is soluble under all pH conditions. 

Some examples have been given in Chapter 3, Section 3.2.4, in the context of studies on humic and fulvic adds, but these illustrations may conveniently be repeated here. 

The availability of 15N aniline has made possible a direct study of the reactions of aniline with humic and fulvic adds (Thorn et al. 1996), and the detection of resonances attributed to anilinoquinone, imines, and /V-heterocyclic compounds are fully consistent with reactions involving quinone and ketone groups. 

The presence of NOM, mainly humic and fulvic adds, in the feed solution was found to be another factor contributing to membrane fouling in PMRs. Ti02 particles or humic acids molecules can be deposited or sorbed on the membrane surface during permeation when they exist as single components (Fig. 6.33a and 6.33b). However, when they are mixed together, humic... 

PMRs with suspended photocatalyst have been applied for removal of dyes, pharmaceuticals, humic and fulvic adds, as well as for treatment of real dyeing wastewater or surface waters (Mozia, 2010). The effectiveness of photodegradation and the permeate quality in PMRs strongly depends on the membrane properties and membrane process used, as well as on the process parameters applied. Apart from the factors associated with the photocatalysis, such as for example, light wavelength and intensity, photocatalyst type and loading or solution composition, some additional parameters, associated... 

Electroreduction of Cd(II)-nitrilotriace-tic acid and Cd(II)-aspartic acid systems was studied on DME using SWV [73]. The CE mechanism in which the chemical reaction precedes a reversible electron transfer was estabhshed. Also, the rate constants of dissociation of the complexes were determined. Esteban and coworkers also studied the cadmium complexes with nitrilotriacetic acid [74, 75] and fulvic add [76]. The complexation reaction of cadmium hy glycine was investigated hy different electrochemical methods using HMDE and mercury microelectrode [77, 78]. 

Abe, T., Kobayashi, S., Kobayashi, M., 2011. Aggregation of colloidal silica particles in the presence of fulvic add, humic acid, or alginate effects of ionic composition. CoUoids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 379, 21—26. 

This technique has been applied to the determination of organic compormds and cations induding crude oils, fulvic adds, tarmins, carbohydrates, trihalomethane precursors and lithium. 

White, W.B. and Brennan, E.S. (1989). Lmninescence of speleothems due to fulvic add and other activators, hi Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of Speleology, August 13-20,1989, Budapest, pp. 212-214. 

Elkins, K.M. and Nelson, DJ. (2001). Fluorescence and FT-IR spectroscopic studies of Suwannee river fulvic add complexation with aluminum, terbium and calcium. J. Inorg. Biochem., 87(1-2), 81-96. 

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