Fulvic acids geochemistry

Model chemical structure of a soil, (a) Humic acid and (b) part of a fulvic acid. Source-. From (a) Kleinhempel, D. (1970). Albrecht Thaer Archiv 14, 3-14 and (b) Rashid, M. A. (1985). Geochemistry of Marine Humic Compounds, Springer-Verlag, p. 75. 

Simeoni, M.A., Batts, B.D. and McRae, C. (2003) Effect of groundwater fulvic acid on the adsorption of arsenate by ferrihydrite and gibbsite. Applied Geochemistry, 18(10), 1507-15. 

Publications on humic substances are dominated by discussions on humic acids and fulvic acids, with relatively little discussion of humin. The former two fractions can be dissolved in aqueous media which facilitates their isolation and study. The geochemistry of humin is discussed by Hatcher et al. in Chapter 11 the presence and nature of humin in various environments are also discussed in a number of other chapters in this book. For example, Stevenson (Chapter 2) discusses humin from soils, Ishiwatari (Chapter 6) provides a rather extensive discussion of humin from lake sediments, and Vandenbroucke et al. (Chapter 10) consider humin in marine sediments. 

Rasyid U., Johnson W.D., Wilson M.A., Hanna J.V. (1992), Changes in organic structural group composition of humic and fulvic acids with depth in sediments from similar geographical but different depositional environments, Organic Geochemistry, 18, 4, 521-529. 

Figure 1.15. Soiid-state 22.6 MHz Fourier-transform NMR spectrum of Suwanee River standard fulvic acid. Reprinted with permission from Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 11, Leenheer et al. Presence and Potential Significance of Aromatic-Ketone Groups in Aquatic Humic Substances, Copyright 1987, Pergamon Press PLC.

Tullborg, E.-L. Gustafsson, E. 1997. Carbon-14 in bicarbonate and fulvic acid - a useful tracer In. Laaksoharju, M. Wallin, B. (eds). Evolution of the Groundwater Chemistry at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory. Proceedings of the second Aspo International Geochemistry Workshop, June 6-7, 1995, International Cooperation Report 97-04, The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm, 9-1-9-10. 

Knauss KG, Wolery TJ (1988) The dissolution kinetics of quartz as a function of pH and time at 70 °C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52 43-53 Kodama H, Schnitzer M, Jaakkimainen M (1983) Chlorite and biotite weathering by fulvic acid solutions in closed and open systems. Can J Soil Sci 63 619-629 Krauskopf KB (1967) Introduction to geochemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York, 617 pp Krumbein WE, Werner D (1983) The microbial silica cycle. In Krumbein W E (ed) Microbial geochemistry. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 132-143 Kummert R, Stumm W (1980) The surface complexation of organic acids on hydrous a-AI2O3. J Colloid Interface Sci 75 373-385... 

Malcolm RL (1985) Geochemistry of stream fulvic and humic substances. In Aiken GR, McKnight DM, Wershaw RL, MacCarthy P (eds) Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp 181-210 Manley EP, Evans LJ (1986) Dissolution of feldspars by low-molecular-weight aliphatic and aromatic acids. Soil Sci 141 106-112... 

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