Fulhame

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Fulhame, M. "An Essay on Combustion with a View to the Art of Dyeing and Painting," J. Cooper, London, 1794. 

Albert Neuberger, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 9HH, England (1)... 

Published by HarperCollinsPutfftsfters Ltd 77-85 Fulham Palace Road London W6 8JB... 

Howden An early flue-gas desulfurization process using a lime or chalk slurry in wooden grid-packed towers. The calcium sulfate/sulfite waste product was intended for use in cement manufacture, but this was never commercialized. The key to the process was the use of a large excess of calcium sulfate in suspension in the scrubbing circuit, which minimized the deposition of scale on the equipment. The process was developed by Imperial Chemical Industries and James Howden Company in the 1930s and operated for several years at power stations at Fulham, London, and Tir John, South Wales, being finally abandoned during World War II. British Patents 420,539 433,039. 

Although no one realized it at the time, Fulhame s ideas on catalysts were directly relevant to the debate on vital force. There is no mysterious vital force in living organisms. Instead, organic reactions in living organisms depend on organic catalysts called enzymes. 

In 1794, the English chemist Elizabeth Fulhame published a book called An Essay on Combustion. Her book included many of the first recorded ideas about the role of catalysis in chemical processes. 

In particular, Fulhame was interested in the catalytic properties of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water. 

Eventually, scientists proved that fermentation did not require whole cells of yeast. Fermentation could still occur if non-living extracts of yeast were present. Through further study and experimentation, the important component in the yeast extract was identified as an enzyme. If earlier scientists had considered Fulhame s ideas on catalysts, they might have arrived at the truth about enzymes sooner ... 

Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company, Ltd., 3 The Lanchesters, 162-164 Fulham Palace Road, London W6 9ER. 

Chester Beatty Research Institute, Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Rd., London SW3 6JB, England... 

In an effort to avoid discharge of scrubber effluent into the Thames River, Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., British Power Authority consultants, and the Howden Construction Company together developed the ICI Howden process, a closed-loop, lime-based system for the removal of sulfur dioxide. This process was installed at the Swansea Power Plant in 1935 and at the Fulham Power Plant in 1937. Both systems operated successfully until their shutdown during World War II. 

Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, England G.R. Guy, 47... 

That they are well qualified for pursuing this branch of science, I may adduce, as evidence, the very able Essay, by Mrs. Fulhame, On Combustion . In further evidence, I may... 

Elizabeth Fulhame was a pioneer researcher in redox chemistry and the author of An Essay on Combustion with a View to a New Art of Dying and Painting, wherein the Phogistic and Antiphlogistic hypotheses are proved erroneous. See Davenport, D. A. (2004). Fulhame, E. (fl. 1780-1794). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, http //www. oxforddnb.com/view/article/39778, accessed 4 Nov 2004. 

The first woman to apply for membership of the Pharmaceutical Society was Elizabeth Leech in 1869.10 Leech had learned her pharmacy skills from her father, having worked in his shop for 7 years. Following his death, she shared the running of the shop with her brother for 6 years and then on her own for another 9 years. The Lancashire cotton famine had forced her out of business, and she had then become compounder and dispenser of prescriptions at the Munster House Lunatic Asylum, Fulham. Her application noted that she believed that membership in the Pharmaceutical Society would help her resume her business. Fearful that the Council might think she was a troublemaker, she wrote I have no wish upon any occasion to interfere with the Council or its meetings. All I want is the Membership. 11 The Council rejected her request a total of three times, the last being in 1872. 

The following raw materials were used for the laboratory reproduction of Egyptian Blue coarse-grained quartz (quartz sand <250 jLm, Pilking-ton Brothers Ltd.) or fine-grained quartz (ground flint <53 JLm, Fulham Pottery Ltd.) calcium carbonate (<53 xm, Analar) malachite (<53 xm) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (<53 xm, Analar). 

Subsequent programs to prevent water and air pollution supported by Imperial Chemicals Industries Ltd., British Power Authority consultants, and Howden Construction Co. led to the development of a closed-loop, lime-based, sulfur dioxide removal system. These types of systems were installed in 1935 at the Swainsea and in 1937 at the Fulham power plants. They operated successfully until World War II when they were shutdown because the vapor plumes provided aerial guidance to the Luftwaffe. 

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