Fringe length

Figure 6. Histogram of the fringes length obtained by computer analysis of the HRTEM image of the fiber/pyrolytic carbon composite.

Regarding the reversible capacity of disordered carbons, we found that lithium is mainly in a quasi-metallic state, another minor part being in a state comparable to intercalation. If we consider that the lithium density in the intercalated domains is comparable to that of graphite, we can conclude that the enhanced reversible capacity of the disordered carbons is related with the quasi-metallic state of lithium. In this paper, we postulate that the electron density of the quasi-metallic lithium clusters is related with the size of the neighbour carbon layers. In future work, we plan to investigate different materials in order to determine if there is any relationship between the reversible capacity and the fringe length. 

Fig. 8.1. Schematic illustration of the TG experiment [upper) and the principle of diffusion measurement [lower). Lower The white and black circles indicate the reactant and product molecules. The concentrations of the reactant and the product are spatially modulated by the sinusoidally modulated light intensity of the grating light. The fringe length A is also indicated...

The length and the diameter of MWCNT can be measured directly by TEM. From high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images exhibiting oo.l fringes follows the number of coaxial tubes and possibly the microstructure of the caps in MWCNT, as viewed along the incident electron beam [24], Also anomalous intercylinder spacings and defects are revealed in this way [1,11]. 

In the interferometric dilatometer, the change in length of the sample causes the movement of interference fringes. Knowing the laser wavelength and counting the moved fringes, it is possible to deduce the dilatation of the sample. Hereafter, we shall briefly describe a very simple interferometric dilatometer used for the measurement of the linear contraction coefficient of Torlon. For a more detailed description of this dilatometer, see ref. [53],... 

Since the distance between the zeroes, in terms of sample length variation, is A/4, the total contraction of the sample is AL = N A/4, where N is the total number of zero crossing. The resolution of the system is basically A/4, but it could be improved with an evaluation of fractions of a fringe. 

Fig. 7.19 Spectra of a weak LPG pair, separated by 30 cm, with bending in the middle (thicker curve, no peaks) and without bending (peaked curve). Each grating has 400 pm periodicity and a 20 mm length. The fringe spacing is roughly 0.72 nm. Reprinted from Ref. 25 with permission. 2008 Optical Society of America...

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