Friedel, Georges

Georges Urbain, 1872-1938. French chemist, painter, sculptor, and musician. President of the Societe de Chimie and of the International Committee on Atomic Weights. His enthusiasm for research was acquired from Pierre Curie and Charles Friedel, See ref. (70)... 

Nature furnishes us with a certain number of hydrated silicates which mineralogists call zeolites the dehydration of certain hydrates offers curious peculiarities analcime, for instance, may be completely dehydrated without any sudden variation in form or optical properties of the crystals being observed Georges Friedel has shown that analcime had not, at a given temperature, an invariable dissociation tension let us suppose the temperature constant in a first equilibrium state the tension of the water vapor which exists in equilibrium above the crystals has the value P remove a portion of this water vapor the analcime will undergo a certain dehydration and the tension of the water vapor will increase, but only to a value P, less than P and BO on analcime is therefore not a definite hydrate, but only a solid solution in which water is mixed with an anhydrous silicate. 

Not all of the Bragg reflections, I[hkl), are unique in intensity. Georges Friedel noted that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern is centrosymmetric (diagrammed in Figure 4.15). 

Friedel s Law Georges Friedel noted that F(hkl) / values for centrosymmet-rically related Bragg reflections are equal, even for an acentric crystal structure. 

From 1963 to 1965 Professor George Andrew Olah (Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1994 Figure 1.3) edited and, in part, wrote a comprehensive treatise entitled Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions. This monograph was published in four volumes covering more than 5,000 pages (with about... 

The fundamental treatise entitled Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions was edited and, in part, written in five volumes by George A. Olah from 1963 to 1965. A single volume was further published by the same author in 1972, discussing advances achieved in the field in the period 1965-1972, including mechanistic aspects of the Friedel-Crafts reactions. 

Early research on hydrothermal reactions was also carried out by Charles Friedel, an instructor at the Ecole Normale Supdrieure [108], the same institution where Paul Villard received his education. Over many years Charles, and later his son Georges Friedel, published a series of papers on the reaction of minerals in H2O at temperatures and presumably also pressures far above critical, starting with the preparation of quartz in 1879 [109,110]. Charles Friedel is more famous for his discovery of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatics. The works of de LaTour, Daubr6e and the Friedels together ensured that the first experimental reactions of and in SCFs were those of H2O, as reviewed in great detail by Morey [111]. 

Upon closer observation, we discover flexible and mobile lines, which we shall soon discuss. It was Georges Friedel who first understood the significance of these lines, at the beginning of the century. He invented the term nematic phase, from the Greek word urj/aa for thread . Cooling the sample further, we... 

Friedel-Crafts catalysis is a powerful method for effecting electrophilic aromatic substitution one broad definition of the Friedel-Crafts reaction is that given by George Olah [21]. 

A. G. Pets, Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions, Vol. 3, George Olah, ed., Wiley, New... 

As early as the 1920s, Georges Friedel recognized that one could prepare free-standing films (just like soap films) from smectic liquid crystals. (That could be the reason for calling them smectic, which means soap in Greek). A simple technique was developed, and systematic studies were started at... 

In the beginning of this century, Georges Friedel (G.F. and F.Grandjean, 1910 ... 

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