Frequency Modulation scaling factors

This scheme also employs a complex signal to modulate a carrier oscillator. In this case, however, the modulating signal is a frequency modulated signal (Figure 2.19). The sideband frequencies are calculated using the same method used above for parallel modulators, but the calculation of the amplitude scaling factors is different. The order of the outermost modulator is used to scale the modulation index of the next modulator ... 

The amplitude scaling factors for the calculation of the FM spectrum of a single carrier with two parallel modulators scheme result from the multiplication of the respective Bessel functions B (ii) x In this case, the frequencies of the spectrum is calculated as... 

All the as appearing in the relationships between heat flows and temperatures depend, as noted earlier, upon frequency in some generally unknown way which means that ideally calibrations should be done at the frequency of an experiment. One thing, however, is clear, as co is reduced towards zero (so the modulation gets more like a ramp), the coefficients in the equations for T approach those in the earlier equations involving T (scaled by an appropriate power of co). This means that the calibration factors and constants tend to limiting values as co is reduced to zero extrapolation of uncorrected results can lead to measurements for Cp improved over the basic (uncorrected) values. 

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