Frequency, carrier driving

If 8 = (i) (n -n), transitions are resonantly driven between the levels 11, n) and 11, n > at a rate g which is dependent on n and n [16,21,23] (analogous to Franck-Condon factors). Starting from the l> n) state, application of a Rabi Ti pulse coherently transfers the ion to the f ) n ) state this corresponds to applying the Raman beams for a duration t such that = tt. If we apply the Raman beams for half of this time, we create the entangled state of Eq. (4). Here, we will assume the ion is confined in the Lamb-Dicke limit ( 51c 1) and will consider three transitions. The carrier, at 6 = 0, drives transitions between states 1J, n) - 11, n) with Rabi frequency = g. The first red sideband, corresponding to 6 = -(0 drives transitions between states l,n) - T,n-1) with Rabi frequency = gT i/ n. This coupling is analogous to the case in cavity... 

Drive harmonics are a function of the drive switching frequency and pattern, and will differ between suppliers. The TMEIC P30 source converter is a medium voltage, IGBT, PWM regenerative source converter using a 1,536-Hz modulation frequency that is asynchronous to the utihty frequency. Harmonics created by the source converter are sideband frequencies centered around integer multiples of this carrier frequency (i.e., when applied on a 60 Hz utihty, the sidebands with series that will be) ... 

This may or may not be a large amount of power, but it is not insignificant and must be taken into consideration when designing the overall amplifier. Furthermore, drive power is proportional to carrier frequency. 

The spectrum analyzer is also well-suited for making accurate transmitter FM deviation measurements. This is accomphshed using the Bessel null method. The Bessel null is a mathematical function that describes the relationship between spectral lines in frequency modulation. The Bessel null technique is highly accurate it forms the basis for modulation monitor calibration. The concept behind the Bessel null method is to drive the carrier spectral line to zero by changing the modulating frequency. When the carrier amphtude is zero, the modulation index is given by a Bessel function. Deviation can be calculated from... 

We now turn to the correlated driving and dissipation dynamics. The excitation field is chosen to be a transform-limited Gaussian pulse, e t) = cos(o ff), with the temporal center at t = 0 and the carrier frequency of cjf = Qh- The parameters for the pulse duration and the maximum strength are tc = lO/fin and respectively. 

PEM drive can be added to the signal, as a pilot carrier, to be used to recover the frequency and phase of the PEM drive. 

The integration in Equation [4] considers the existence of several frequency combinations matching the condition = Ey cOy, within the bandwidth of the applied field. A single laser whose bandwidth is large enough to include frequency components that match 0) -0) = O) can drive the nonlinear response. However, more frequently the laser bandwidth is smaller than o) and different beams with distinct centre frequencies at needed to match the Raman resonance. Let us now consider a field composed of a superposition of quasi-monochromatic beams, i.e. the amplitude at a carrier frequency is modulated by a complex envelope that defines its spectral shape. The central frequencies are chosen to match the Raman resonant four-wave mixing scheme (see Table 1), which can be later adapted to other colour choices. Three laser beams are present of frequencies o)q, cOp, cOg, with 0) -0) = 0) as the only resonant frequency combination. 

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