Free energy of ion transfer

The two components should have large sizes and spherical structures, that is, the AGgoivation should be low and practically independent from the nature of the solvent (the free energy of ion transfer from one solution to the other is small). 

For the case in which phase II in Fig. 3 is a solid, it is not yet clear how the activities of the species Ox, Red, and C+ in the solid have to be defined on a strict thermodynamic basis, and how they could be determined. No experiments are known that would lead to a separation of the free energies of the equilibria la and Ib in the case of solids. When phase II is a solution phase, the activities of Ox, Red, and C+ are in principle accessible however, in that case also, it remains the problem that an extrather-modynamic assumption is necessary for quantifying the free energy of ion transfer between the liquid phases II and III. 

Free energy of ion transfer - ion transfer at liquid-liquid interfaces... 

A vac G j" = —ff—, where A " is the standard potential for transfer of ion i from a to f phase. If two immiscible liquids a and [i are mutually saturated, a certain amount of one solvent will be dissolved in the other solvent and vice versa. The corresponding energy of Gibbs free energy of ion transfer between two mutually balanced solvents is called the free partition energy. The main contributions to the energy of ion or dipole transfer between two solvent phases are (i) electrostatic - polarization of the medium (ii) production in a medium of a cavity to accommodate the ion or dipole also known as the solvo-... 

H. H. Girault, see the Web site dcwww.epfl.ch for a comprehensive list of free energy of ion transfer at various liquid/liquid interfaces, 2000. 

The basic formula for capacitance, derived in Ref. [296], shows that the capacitance dependence on the nature of ions is controlled by three integral parameters. These parameters do not depend on the potential or ionic concentrations. They are expressed through the z-dependent profiles of the quantities, varying across the interface (i) the short-range contributions to the free energy of ion transfer for all double layer ions and (ii) the effective dielectric constant of the solvent. These parameters are ... 

It follows that if is small, the Gibbs free energy of ion transfer is small, and if... 

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