Fox River

Water was first used to generate electricity in 1880 in Grand Rapids, Michigan when a water turbine was used to provide storefront lighting to the city. In 1882—only two years after Thomas Edison demonstrated the incandescent light bulb—the first hydroelectric station to use Edison s system was installed on the Fox River at Appleton, Wisconsin. In 1881, construction began on the first hydroelectric generat-... 

Hurley JP, Cowell SE, Shafer MM, Hughes PE. 1998. Partitioning and transport of total and methyhnercury in the lower Fox River, WI. Environ Sci Technol 32 1424-1432. 

Peterman PH, Delfino JJ, Dube DJ, et al. 1980. Chloro-organic compounds in the lower Fox River, Wisconsin. In Afghan BK, Mackay D, eds. Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment. New York Plenum Press, 145-160. 

Anderson, R.V. 1977. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in thirty-five genera of freshwater macroinvertebrates from the Fox River, Illinois and Wisconsin. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18 345-349. 

Ankley, G.T., G.J. Niemi, K.B. Lodge, HJ. Harris, D.L. Beaver, D.E. Tillitt, R.R. Schwartz, J.P. Giesy, P.D. Jones, and C. Hagley. 1993. Uptake of planar polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dihenxo-p-dioxins by birds nesting in the lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24 332-344. 

Custer, C.M., T.W. Custer, P.D. Allen, K.L. Stromborg, and MJ. Melancon. 1998. Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1786-1798. 

Memorandum from T.J. Kubiak, Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Field Office, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, to Members Fox River/Green Bay Toxics Task Force, January 27, 1983. 

Fox River Bridge, near Menasha, Wisconsin Lead River sediment 500 tons 80 per ton... 

USA Wisconsin Fox River Valley 5 wells Sulfide oxidation 3.8-7.2 0.3-166 (0.2 pm filtered) Schreiber, Simo and Freiberg (2000)... 

Thornburg, K. and Sahai, N. (2004) Arsenic occurrence, mobility, and retardation in sandstone and dolomite formations of the Fox River valley, eastern Wisconsin. Environmental Science and Technology, 38(19), 5087-94. 

Main Lake Tributary Loading (excluding the Fox River) 126... 

Kovatch E (2002) Remedial investigation report, Lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin. Prepared by the RETEC Group for Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources... 

Subsequent detailed studies in the Fox River Valley towns of Algoma and Hobart confirmed the importance of the sulfide-rich cement horizon as a probable source of the arsenic (Schreiber et al., 2000) (Figure 8). In the town of Algoma, one well contained 1.2 X 10" p.g arsenic. There was, however, much apparently random spatial... 

The arsenian pyrite underlying the Fox River Valley (Schreiber et al., this volume) most likely represents another MVT type of deposit that is the source of arsenic-rich ground water. 

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