FORMIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

No physical data of the unstable compound were given as it was immediately trapped by methanol to give methyl formate at -60°C. 

An improved in situ preparation of formyl chloride as well as of formyl fluoride and even the bromide and iodide from formic acid and tetramethyl-a-halogeno enamines at or beiow room temperature in high yield under neutral conditions was reported by Ghosez efa/. (Eq 1.2). 

the formyl chloride was detected only by its conversion into methyl formate while the other formyl halides were converted into formanilide. 

Dichloromethyl ethers and dichloromethyl amines are able to act as formyl chloride equivalents in the formylation of aromatics and olefins. The reactivity of the formylating agent is determined by the nature of the substituent, which determines the electrophilicity of the formyl carbon. Thus, the reactivity for electrophilic formylation decreases in the order 1 2 3 (Eq 1.3). 

Nesmejanow et a/. ° were the first to prepare formyl fluoride in a yield of 16% from anhydrous formic acid, potassium fluoride and benzoyl chloride (Eq 1.5). 

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DMF replacement [FORMIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES - DITffiTHYLFORMAMIDE] (Vol 11) N,N-Dimethylacetamide... 

Carboxylic acids having 6—24 carbon atoms are commonly known as fatty acids. Shorter-chain acids, such as formic, acetic, and propionic acid, are not classified as fatty acids and are produced synthetically from petroleum sources (see Acetic acid Formic acid and derivatives Oxo process). Fatty acids are produced primarily from natural fats and oils through a series of unit operations. Clay bleaching and acid washing are sometimes also included with the above operations in the manufacture of fatty acids for the removal of impurities prior to subsequent processing. 

Marsella, J. (1994) Formic acid and derivatives. In Kroschwitz, J.L Howe-Grant, M., eds, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Vol. 11, New York, John Wiley, pp. 967-976... 

Homogeneous Hydrogenation. The mild reaction conditions used in the homogeneous hydrogenation of C02 catalyzed by transition metal complexes allows the partial hydrogenation of C02 to yield formic acid and derivatives ... 

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