Formation on iron

The surface-normal structure of epitaxially grown Te and Cd upd-layer was studied [89] and other upd-systems have been the subject of investigations [33, 88]. Kinetic studies of passive oxide formation on iron and iron alloys [90] and of Au(OOl) reconstruction have been reported [73]. 

Corrosion of metals takes place by way of a variety of important chemical reactions. At ordinary temperatures, this process is often called tarnishing, and at high temperatures, scale formation. In this section, the reaction of metals with dry gases at relatively high temperatures is considered. This is referred to as direct corrosion, to distinguish it from many common forms of corrosion, including rust formation on iron, which need the presence of water. These latter reactions are considered in Section 9.4. 

Then - as evident from Fig.7 - the comparison of Fe- and Co- catalysts in methane selectivity (on the basis of growth probability as a function of carbon number) results in only limited methane formation on iron (only growth sites), but on the Co-catalysts ihe methane formation tends to be excessive (low value... 

J. Weissenrieder, C. Kleber, M. Schreiner, C. Leygraf, In situ studies of sulfate nest formation on iron, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 (2004) B497-B504. 

Fig. 12.1 Anodic reaction occurring during passive fiim formation on iron.

Mro3] Mrowec, S., Walec, T., Werber, T., Mechanism of Sulhde Scale Formation on Iron-Chromium Alloys , Bull Acad. Pol. Sci. Chim., 16(5), 257-262 (1968) (Experimental, Phase Relations, Interface Phenomena, 11)... 

Konig U, Lohrengel MM, Schultze JW (1987) Computer supported pulse measurements of current and capacity during fast oxide formation on iron. Ber Bunsenges Physik Chem 91 426 31... 

Figure 20 Raman spectrum of (top) a standard of magnetite (Fc304) and (bottom) iron particles take from a column that had been treated with simulated groundwater solutions. (Reprinted with permission from MS Odziemkowski, TT Schuhmacher, RW Gillham, EJ Reardon. Mechanism of oxide film formation on iron in simulating groundwater solutions Raman spectroscopic studies. Corros Sci 40 371-389, 1998. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science.)...

MS Odziemkowski, TT Schuhmacher, RW Gillham, EJ Reardon. Mechanism of oxide film formation on iron in simulating groundwater solutions Raman spectroscopic studies. Corros Sci 40 371-389, 1998. 

Metals and their alloys, such as iron, almninum, copper and magnesium, have a nafitral tendency to form a thin layer of oxide/hydroxide on their surface. Oxide/ hydroxide layers provide snfficient corrosion resistance to the metal in dry ambient conditiorrs. Under continued exposure to moisture, these layers become thick but more porous, which makes them (oxide/hydroxide layers) no longer protective for the metal beneath. Rust formation on iron, white oxide formation on alrrminrrm and magnesitrm, and tarnishing of copper are examples of corrosion. Coating is one of the most frequently ttsed methods to barricade the metal from moistme and other corrosive enviromnental factors. 

K. Heindlhofer and B. M. Larsen, Rates of scale formation on iron and a few of its alloys , Trans. Amer. Soc. Steel Treaters 21, 865-895 (1933). 

W. W. Smeltzer, The kinetics of wustite scale formation on iron , Acta MetaU. 8, 377-383 (1960). 

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