Formation of Glycosidic Linkages to Give Di-, Tri-, and Oligosaccharides

Arbutin is found in the leaves of blueberries, cranberries, and pear tree. It has been used as a diuretic and anti-infective urinary agent. 

Amygdalin occurs in the seeds of Rosaceae -bitter almonds, peach, and apricot seeds. It has been suggested as an anti-cancer drug, and has been used in some countries to treat cancers. There, however, is no hard data to substantiate its effectiveness in such treatments. 

Aesculin is found in the leaves and bark of the horse chestnut. It is used as a skin protectant in suntanning preparations. 

Ruberythric acid is an anthraquinone glycoside found in the madder root. The aglycone is alizarin, which is used in dyeing and staining. The carbohydrate is a disaccharide of p-D-xylopyranose linked 1,6 to p -o-gluco-pyranose, which is called primeverose. 

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