Formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds

Nucleophilic acyl substitution (Sections 20.4, 20.6, and 20.12) Acylation of ammonia and amines by an acyl chloride, acid anhydride, or ester is an exceptionally effective method for the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds. 

The copper catalyzed formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds was exploited in the conversion of 2-(3 -aminopropyl)-bromobenzene to tetrahydro-isoquinoline (4.17.), The coupling, which proceeded readily already at 40 °C in the presence of diethyl salicylamide, was also efficient in the formation of dihydroindole derivatives.20... 

B Formation of Carbon-Oxygen Bonds C. Formation of Carbon-Sulfur Honda F>. Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds K. Polymerization. ... ... 

Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds via Organomagnesium Compounds... 

Reactions of organomagnesium compounds with nitroso or nitro compounds are often complicated, and not useful in synthesis, or only represented by isolated examples. One exception to this generalization involves conjugate addition to a,[3-unsaturated and aromatic nitro compounds (see Section 4.2), and two others lead to the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds. 

Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds A ring closure of this type will most often involve either the attack of an electrolytically formed nucleophile (hydroxylamine, amine, or hydrazine) on an electrophilic center (existing or potential carbonyl, cyano, nitro, or nitroso group) or a reaction between a nucleophile and an electrolytically generated electrophilic center (e.g., nitroso group or carbonium ion). 

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