Formal oxidation state thallium

Thallium has the stable oxidation states I and III there are also several compounds in which thallium exists with the Formal Oxidation State II, though stable compounds of Till... 

Selected crystal structures that contain platinum-thallium bonds can be divided into four groups depending on the formal oxidation states ofthe metal ions Pt°-TF (2.86-3.05 A), Pt -TP (2.88-3.15A),Pt -Tl (2.70-2.71 A),i and Pt -TF (2.570-2.628 A). 

Uhl W, Layh M (2011) Formal oxidation state +2 metal-metal bonded versus mononuclear derivatives. In Aldridge S, Downs AJ (eds) Group 13 metals aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium. Wiley, Chichester... 

In discrete molecules, the elements of group 13 are most typically found in the +3 oxidation state. There are major exceptions to this rale, such as the polyhedral boranes (see Boron Hydrides) and carboranes (see Boron Polyhedral Carboranes and Boron Metallacarbaboranes), which formally contain and are outlined elsewhere in this Encyclopedia, and the compounds of thallium (Tl), which typically contain Tl for the reasons described above. Thus, in this section, compounds containing group 13 elements in the atypical -I-1 and -1-2 oxidation states are presented. 

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