Force attenuation factor

As a result of impact energy absorption, the transmitted force through the hoUow composites can be significantly reduced. The transmitted force can be measured by a load cell embedded in the anvil through experiment. The force attenuation factor, /att, is... 

These results affirm the important impact of psychosocial factors on the course of a presumed biologically based but multifactorial disorder in which a variety of forces may play a role. Indeed, stressful life events may even alter the biology of a mood disorder. Clinically, they imply that careful attention to and reduction of stressful life events may help to attenuate or prevent subsequent episodes. 

The climatic system involves numerous factors that intensify climatic changes with minimum forcings. The withering or death of plants, for example, may cause a decrease in evapotranspiration and hence lead to precipitation attenuation, which may further increase drought conditions. In cold-climate regions snow cover formation is accompanied by a strong increase in albedo, which favors further cooling (the so-called albedo effect ). Substantial climatic feedbacks are associated with the dynamics of thermohaline circulation. 

In determining the temperature dependence of the plastic resistances in uniaxial deformation the temperature dependence of the shear modulus fj. = C55 is needed. Karasawa et al. (1991) provide such information derived from theoretical force-field methods. Their calculated results for C55 appear as the upper curve in Fig. 9.20. However, for a variety of reasons discussed by Argon et al. (2005), including the defected nature of the usual HDPE, the C55 modulus needs to be attenuated by a factor of 0.635. This attenuated modulus is also shown in Fig. 9.20, as the lower curve. 

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