Folds formation

A model of lamellae formation In stretched networks is proposed. Approximately one-half of the chains do not fold. Formation of such lamellae Is accompanied by declining stress. Highly folded systems (high crystallinity), however, can cause a stress Increase. In the calculations crosslinks are assigned to their most probable positions through the use of a characteristic vector. A contingent of amorphous chains Is also Included. The calculations suggest that the concept of fibrillar-lamellar transformations may be unnecessary to explain observed stress-temperature profiles In some cases. 

Various types of supramolecular self-assemblies have been revealed both in life sciences (e.g., double helix crosslinking of DNA, protein folding, formation of lipid bilayers), and in chemical systems (e.g., crystallization, formation of vesicles, adsorption on surfaces) [2]. Although the understanding of supramolecular self-assembly was initially developed from 3D crystal or solution... 

Numerical simulation of stress distribution In the process of stress simulation, the front, back and bottom of the model are fixed, and each of the left and right boundary of the model are exerted the horizontal compression in 5.2 MPa, then simulate the horizontal stress distribution station along the seam after the fold formation by using the creep model, the result of which is shown in figure 3. 

Moury, D. and Jacobson, A. (1989) Neural fold formation at newly created boundaries between neural plate and epidermis in the axolotl. Dev. Biol 133,44-57. 

This study also showed that a deep fold was formed in the postero-proximal aspect of the midsubstance fibers several millimeters from the bone surface as the knee was flexed. To date, no other study has described this phenomenon or considered its functional significance. Interestingly, some previous studies report the fold formation can be noted in a few ACL photographs, taken at a knee flexion position [4,5, 9, 25], although no discussion of this phenomenon was included. The... 

The initial observation of substituent effects on the pyridine derivative (4) was demonstrated by the introduction of a hydroxyl group at the C-3 position to yield (16) [11]. This hydroxylation increased tumour-inhibitory activity significantly and at the same time reduced toxicity 25-fold. Formation of the ethyl ether of (16), however, diminished anticancer potency. The increased activity of the 3-hydroxy isomer prompted the synthesis of the 5-hydroxy derivative (17)... 

---