Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSGS

Nephrotoxicity of bisphosphonates is a known complication of this compound class, often exacerbated by diseases that compromise renal function, such as multiple myeloma, and by concomitant use of antineo-plastic agents, steroids, and radiation therapy. The first reports of tubulointerstitial damage after treatment with etidronate and clodronate appeared more than 2 decades ago [60]. Subsequently, acute tubular necrosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and granulomatous interstitial nephritis have been reported in renal biopsies from predominantly cancer patients exposed to several bisphosphonates, often at high i.v. doses. 

The most frequent lesion described has been focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) progressing to global sclerosis. This lesion has been classically referred to as "heroin nephropathy" and is the lesion seen in Black heroin addicts in the USA. Ninety percent of all... 

The relationship to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) on the otherhand, has led to some questions. In majority of cases, cessation of hthium therapy did not translate into any improvement. It was therefore suggested, that either such cases were not due to hthium or were secondary forms of FSGS secondary to tubular injury brought about by chronic hthium therapy [136]. 

Sharma, M., Sharma, R., McCarthy, E. T., and Savin, V. J., The FSGS factor Enrichment and in vivo effect of activity from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis plasma. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10, 552-561 (1999). 

Cx clearance of a marker FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis... 

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