FM = titanium tetrachloride

Type 2 2-kg Target Indicator consisted of a Bakelite cylinder with round nose and tail provided with fins. The filling consisted of liquid FM (Titanium Tetrachloride). This smoke mixture was scattered when the bomb was released from a plane, hit the target and broke (pp 113-14, Fig 86)... 

Navy Type 2 Target Indicator had a bomb-shape thin bakelite body, 17 inches long, 3 inches in diam, filled with FM (Titanium Tetrachloride) smoke-mix. The bomb had no fuze because its light body was designed to break (when dropped from a high altitude) on hitting water, thus releasing the smoke mix (Ref 1, p 246 Fig 404 on P 245)... 

HC Mixture-hexachloroethane, zinc, inorg perchlorate amm chloride FM-titanium tetrachloride BM Mixture-zinc, carbon tetrachloride, sodium chloride, amm chloride magnesium carbonate... 

The principal use for the tetrachloride is in pyrots as a smoke agent (called FM ), Ref 5 reports that the tetrachloride. . is extremely reactive resulting in the formation of hydrated oxides, or with atmospheric moisture and, when used for screening, is often disseminated from aircraft spray tanks. Its reaction with water vapor is relatively complex. First, the titanium tetrachloride is hydrated. This reaction is followed by further hydrolysis yielding, finally, titanium hydroxide and HC1. The smoke consists of a mixture of fine particles of solid titanium hydroxide, Ti(0H)4 the hydrated oxide, Ti02-H20 intermediate hydroxychlorides of titanium and dilute HC1 droplets. The sequence of reaction is ... 

Titanium tetrachloride.. (22) Titanium tetrachloride (TiCli) FM None Screening agent 10 min. in open Same as summer Smoke irritation negli ble... 

Chemistry and Generation. Titanium tetrachloride (CAS No. 7550-45-0), also known as titanic chloride and has the military code of FM, is a colorless liquid of vapor pressure 10.0 mm Hg (20°C Whitehead, 1983), that fumes strongly when exposed to moist air, forming a persistent dense white cloud (Lewis, 1993). The exothermic reaction products are oxychlorides and hydrogen chloride (Ballantyne, 1982) and finally titanium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid (Lee et al., 1986). One dissemination mode is from aircraft for the production of smoke curtains extending down to ground/sea level (RAMC, 2002). 

In 1928, the CWS formalized the standardization of chemical agents. Seven chemical agents and smokes were selected as the most important. The seven, with their symbols, were mustard agent (HS), methyl-difluorarsine (MD), diphenylaminechlorarsine (DM), chloroacetophenone (CN), titanium tetrachloride (FM), white phosphorus (WP), and hexachlorethane (HC). Phosgene (CG) and Lewisite (L) were consid-... 

Titanium tetrachloride (military designation, FM smoke) is a corrosive substance typically dispersed by spray or explosive munitions. A dense, white smoke results from the decomposition of FM smoke into hydrochloric acid, titanium oxychloride, and titanium dioxide. Because titanium tetrachloride is extremely irritating and corrosive in both liquid and smoke formulations, FM smoke is not commonly used. 

Where screening smoke must be delivered by explosive action, and where at the same time smoke screens without fire hazard are desired, a solution of 55 parts of sulfur trioxide (SO3) in 45 parts of chlorosulfonic acid (CLSOjH) is cheap and effective though its screening power is about one-half or less that of phosphorus. This FS mixture and the more expensive and otherwise less desirable titanium tetrachloride (TiCL4) called FM become aerosolized droplets only in the presence of water and presumably display their power of obscuration best and fastest in humid air. 

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