Flux density vector

Figure 1.1. Nuclear precession nuclear charge and nuclear spin give rise to a magnetic moment of nuclei such as protons and carbon-13. The vector n of the magnetic moment precesses in a static magnetic field with the Larmor frequency vo about the direction of the magnetic flux density vector Bo...

Some specific studies on the measurement of heat losses and indoor temperatures in buildings deserve attention. In his review of the relative importance of thermal comfort in buildings, McIntyre considered that the mean radiant temperature was the most important parameter, followed closely by the "radiation vector," which is defined as the net radiant flux density vector at a given point and measures the asymmetry of the thermal radiation field in a room (97). Benzinger et al. characterized the mean radiant temperature, and asymmetric radiation fields, using a scanning plane radiometer, which maps the plane radiant temperature in a given space indoors (98). 

Hence from the definition of the flux density vector J(iq) = p(t, niXiiCn)) and setting... 

Here, the vector n denotes the outward unit normal on 30 and species flux through the surface. 

In addition to Eq. (34) (that is exact), the construction of macroscopic models consisting of a closed set of equations for the moments of the distribution function (or the intensity), usually requires to formulate approximations. In fluid mechanics, this approximation leads, for example, to the Navier-Stokes equation. The most common approximate macroscopic radiative models describe radiative transfer with heat-like equations (eg, see the Rosseland approximation and the PI approximation). Among them, the PI approximation leads to Pick s equation of the flux density vector Jr (see Eq. (73) substituting Pick s equation into Eq. (34) yields the following heat-like equation for the irradiance G (in the absence of a source term) ... 

On this kind of representation which will be frequently used in describing interface phenomena, the arrows stand for the molar flux density vectors or for the velocities of the various species (here, Fe, Fe ions and electrons). The length of the arrows is most often arbitrary, i.e., without any link with the actual moduli of the corresponding vectors. 

In this type of diagram, the arrows represent the molar flux density vectors, generally with arbitrary lengths. 

Because the system is in unidirectional geometry, the molar flux density vectors are all parallel to the x axis and iV, is the algebraic projection on this axis. The volume mass balance in the electrolyte is written in the following way for species i (see section 4.1.2 without homogeneous reaction) ... 

Three-dimensional tensor of the thermal conductivity Tensor which, when multiplied by the temperature gradient vector according to the rules of matrix multiplication, gives the heat flux density vector, i.e., heat flux density and temperature gradient must not have the same orientation, which is the case in media with an anisotropic thermal conductivity Thiolate An organic molecule terminated with an functionality. An example is 4-fluorophenylthiolate, FCsIUS ... 

In Eq. 2, D is the electric displacement or electric flux density vector, E is the electric field vector, P is the electric polarization vector, and is the permittivity of vacuum. In many isotropic materials the induced polarization is directly proportional to the applied field strength, except for the case of very high fields. We can write [71]... 

Ai heat flux density vector Uo strength of exchange interaction... 

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