Fluorite anode

Among the mixed conductors with fluorite structure, rare earth doped ceria exhibits the highest ionic and electronic conductivity however, its electronic conductivity is still not high enough to match SOFC anode requirements. Up to 70 mol% Nb205... 

Whilst SOFCs have developed significantly over the past few decades the main focus of materials development has been on the fluorite- and per-ovskite-based functional components. Each of the materials selections discussed above has deficiencies and there is now considerable effort directed towards the development of novel materials and structures with better performance for next generation SOFCs. In the following sections the potential choices available for low temperature electrolytes and cathodes and sulfur tolerant anodes will be discussed. 

Solid oxide fuel cells have been the subject of extensive research activities over the past 40 years, with significant advances made in the development of materials for anodes and cathodes and the identification of novel electrolyte materials. Developers have selected a relatively narrow compositional space to explore, focussing on the fluorite, AO2, and perovskite, ABO3, structural families. Indeed the materials currently used in SOFCs can be narrowed down to the choice of one of three electrolytes yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ), gadolinium substituted ceria (GDC) or substituted lanthanum gallates [1], with most interest in YSZ and GDC. For the electrodes there are currently limited choices for developers, with Ni... 

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