Fluorine, as oxidant

A) LiRi BrsnElsy Pacific Rocksts 1948(Summer-Fall), pp 11-16 CA 44, 5594(1950) (Elemental fluorine as oxidizer in rocket en-... 

Floridose, IV, 275 Fluorine, as oxidant, III, 133 Fluorine derivatives of carbohydrates, III, 100... 

Stable noble-gas compounds have no industrial uses as of this writing but are frequently utilized in laboratories as fluorinating and oxidizing agents. Xenon difluoride and xenon tetrafluoride are relatively mild oxidative fluorinating agents and have been used for the preparation of phosphoms, sulfur, tellurium. 

Propellants and Explosives. Hydrazine fuels include anhydrous hydrazine (AH), monomethyUiydrazine (MMH), and unsymmetrical dimethyUiydrazine (UDMH) for military and space programs. These compounds are used mainly as bipropeUant fuels, ie, with oxidizers, in rockets such as the Titan, MX missile, and the Ariane (UDA4H7X30. Using oxygen or fluorine as the oxidizer, hydrazine is exceeded only by hydrogen in specific impulse, ie, kilograms of thmst developed for each kilogram of fuel consumed per second (196). 

Diselenides can also be oxidatively fluorinated, as shown in equation 18 [118, 119], Benzene selenyl fluoride is postulated as an intermediate during the fluo-roselenation of alkenes with diphenyl diselenide and xenon difluotide [73, 120]... 

Under similar conditions, perfluoroalkyl iodides react with alkyl phosphates to give fluorinated phosphine oxides, phosphinates, and phosphines [54 (equation 49) The product formed depends upon the stoichiometry and type of iodide used. When sodium alkyl trithiocarbonates are used as substrates, perfluoroalkyl tri-thiocarbonates ate formed [55]. 

Fluorinated Silicon Oxide. The introduction of fluorine in the ratio of 2 to 14 at.% lowers the dielectric constant, which is reported as low as 3.0. This is a major factor in the design of dielctric films. The CVD of these fluorinated compounds is accomplished by plasma-CVD and usually with Sip4 as a fluorine source. Also available are fluorinated compounds, such as fluorotriethoxysilane (FTES), l,2bis(methyldifluorosilyl)ethane, and 2,5disilahexane.P2]... 

The carbon-fluorine bond is relatively resistant to metabolism. In vitro studies with rabbit, rat, and human hepatic microsomes and rat hepatocytes (Olson and Surbrook 1991 Olson et al. 1990a, 1990b) identified the major route of metabolism of HFC-134a as oxidation by P-450 2E1 to 2,2,2,1-tetrafluoroethanol elimination of hydrogen fluoride or fluoride ion yields 2,2,2-trifluoroacetaldehyde, which is further oxidized to trifluoroacetic acid. 

Though materials containing fluorine atoms can act as oxidizers, most fluorine compounds are gases or Hquids at ambient temperatures and hence cannot be used as oxidizers in pyrolants. However, some solid fluorine compounds are utilized as oxidizer components of energetic pyrolants. 

SFg is a crystalHne material that acts as an oxidizer of metallic fuels. Since both sulfur and fluorine atoms act as oxidizer components, the oxidizing potential of S Fg is high. Mixtures of SFs and Li generate significant heat as a result of the reaction ... 

Chlorine trifluoride dioxide resembles chlorine fluorides and oxy-fluorides in its corrosive and oxjidizing properties. It must be handled in systems consisting of corrosion-resistant metals, Teflon, or sapphire. It appears to be marginally stabli in a well-passivated system at ambient temperature, It is a strong oxidative fluorinator as evidenced by its... 

Chlorine Trifluoride, ClF3, mw 92.46 nearly colorless orpalegrn gas fr p —83°, bp +11.3°. Extremely reactive, comparable to fluorine reactions with org compds and with w take place with expl violence. Can be prepd in 99% purity by reaction of chlorine and fluorine at 280° and condensation of the product at —80°. Used as oxidizer in pioplnts, in incendiaries and for cutting oil well tubes Refs 1) Gmelin-Kraut,-not found 2) Lange (1961), 240 3) CondChemDict (1961),... 

Fluorine is the most energetic oxidizing element and as such is of prime importance in advanced oxidizers. The fluorine-based oxidizers discussed here include elemental fluorine, compounds containing oxygen and fluorine, nitrogen-fluorine compounds, halogen fluorides, and noble gas fluorides. 

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