Fluoride glasses: fluoroindates

Nd3+ ions are by far the most widely investigated ions in all types of materials, essentially because of the ideal, 4-level, 1.06 m laser transition from 4F3/2 to 4In/2 shown in Fig. 5. Thus, the spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ ions are reported for a large number of different compositions of fluorozirconate, fluoroindate, fluorohafnate, fluoroaluminate and other kinds of fluoride glasses [31,36,63-69]. 

Lasing has been demonstrated at 1.06 /tm in Nd3+-doped ZBLAN and BIG fluoride glass rods pumped by an alexandrite laser and xenon flashlamps, respectively [71,72], Fig. 6 shows the 1.06 //m laser output energy out of Nd3+-doped and Cr3+ Nd3+-codoped fluoroindate glass rods of 40 mm length. In presence of Cr3+ ions, which are efficient absorbers of excitation light from flashlamps,... 

Gd3+ ion possesses high energy levels located in the UV. Absorption spectra of Gd3+-doped fluoride glasses show several peaks in the 240-320 nm range. They correspond to transitions from the 8S7/2 ground state to the 6P, 6I, and 6D excited states. Judd-Ofelt parameters and experimental lifetimes have been determined for Gd3+-doped fluorozirconate [34,141], and fluoroindate glasses [142], X-ray excitation of both glasses leads to radiative emission from all excited states 6P, 6I,... 

Qe parameter. For Dy -doped glasses, they found that the Q2 value showed the order sulfide > tellurite > fluorozirconate > fluoroindate. For the 2(, parameter, this order is reversed. However, Tanabe et al. (1995b) found no correlation between the parameter and the isomer shift in fluoride glasses. This is probably due to the small covalency in fluoride glasses (low 6s electron density). 

---