Fluorescent group

Derivatization of a racemic compound with an achiral group may play an important role in the analysis of a chiral compound (Fig. 7-15). In the case of substances with low or no UV-activity, the compounds can be rendered detectable by introducing an UV-absorbing or fluorescent group. If the racemate itself shows selectivity on a chiral stationary phase (CSP), this method can be applied to reduce the limit of detection. Examples have been reported in the literature, especially for the derivatization of amino acids which are difficult to detect using UV detection. Different derivatization strategies can be applied (Fig. 7-16). 

Reagent for introducing fluorescent groups into functionalized molecules are less numerou A[han chromophoric... 

Coons AH, Creech HJ, Jones RN. Immunological properties of an antibody containing a fluorescent group. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1941 47 200-202. 

Sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetamide)ethyl-l,3 -dithiopropionate (SAED) is a photoreactive heterobifunctional crosslinking agent that also contains a fluorescent group (Thermo Fisher). The sulfo-NHS ester end of the reagent reacts with primary amines in proteins and other molecules to form stable amide linkages. The photoreactive end is an AMCA... 

Cleavage of crosslink with transfer of fluorescent group to second protein... 

Figure 16.6 The solid phase ICAT reagent provides a thiol-reactive iodoacetyl group to capture cysteine peptides, a spacer containing stable isotopic labels, and a photo-cleavable group that can release the captured peptides for mass spec analysis. The VICAT mass tag is a solution phase labeling agent that also has a photo-cleavable site to release isolated peptides from a (strept)avidin affinity resin. This compound adds a fluorescent group to better detect labeled peptides as they are being isolated from a sample.

Coons AH, Creech H, Jones R (1941) Immunological properties of an antibody containing a fluorescent group. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 47 200 202 Coons AH, Creech H, Jones R, Berliner E (1942) The demonstration of pneumococcal antigen in tissues by the use of fluorescent antibody. J Immunol 45 159 170 Dabbs DJ (ed) (2006) Diagnostic immunohistochemistry. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia Dairkee SH, Mayall BH, Smith HS, Hackett AJ (1987) Monoclonal marker that predicts early recurrence of breast cancer. Lancet 1 (8531) 514... 

Fluorophore toward one end of the stem a fluorescent group is attached. 

Recently it was shown that introduction of fluorescent groups into ionophoric calix[4]arenes provides new systems for recognition of alkali metal ions.<59 62) Because of the mobility of the phenyl units, conformational changes can be induced by solvents and metal ions. Examples are given in Figure 2.15. 

GROUND STATE EXCITED STATE FLUORESCENCE GROUP TRANSFER REACTIONS "GROW,"... 

More sophisticated functions, such as acyllactam vinyl silane , isocyanate phosphonic ester -2, etc. have been attached at the end of polymer chains, in nearly quantitative yields. Also polymers fitted with dyes or fluorescent groups at chain ends have been synthesized. ... 

Most interesting applications of intramolecular energy transfer between nonconjugated chromophores are found in the conformational studies of biomolecules like nucleic acids and proteins. The experiments on rotational depolarization of emission from intrinsic fluorescent groups on externally attached fluorescent probes, have resulted in a vast store of knowledge which has helped to enrich the subject of photobiology. 

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