Fluorescence environmental effects

The method described here can be applied to gain insight about environmental effects on the absorption and fluorescence of other chromophores and environments, including dyes used to probe the membrane potentials. 

Kalyanasundaran K. and Thomas J. K. (1977b) Environmental Effects on Vibronic Band Intensities in Pyrene Monomer Fluorescence and their Application in Studies of Micellar Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 2039-2044. 

Valeur B., Badaoui F., Bardez E., Bourson J., Boutin P., Chatelain A., Devol I., Larrey B., Lefevre J. P. and Soulet A. (1997) Cation-Responsive Fluorescent Sensors. Understanding of Structural and Environmental Effects, in Desvergne J.-P. and Czarnik A. W. (Eds), Chemosensors of Ion and Molecule Recognition, NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 195-220. 

Referring to the Table, the fluorescent light indicated is not as in domestic lighting but (to avoid unsatisfactory environmental effects) employing a transmitter of high-frequency type (that is, approximately 20 kHz) normally the... 

Green Fluorescent Protein is involved in the jellyfish, Aequorea Victoria [11, 92-95] and has very efficient emission property. It is now widely used as an excellent molecular marker in various fields of molecular biology [12, 96], There are theoretical studies investigating spectroscopy [97-104], potential surface of the excited state [105-107], and protein environmental effect [35, 101, 104, 108-110]. 

The presence of an underlying weak singlet transition below the main band of these molecules was also supported by Shpolskii spectra (98) and by two-photon spectroscopy (99-101). Thus in spite of the failure to detect the "phantom" state in a study of environmental effects on the fluorescence of diphenylhexatriene (102), the direct observations of the phantom state in the a, U) diphenyl derivatives seem to be numerous and probative. Since a Ag J-A- transition is symmetry-allowed for two photon absorption, the latter experiments supported the Ag identification for the underlying state. 

Kalyanasundaram K, Thomas JK. Environmental effects on vibronic band intensities in pyrene monomer fluorescence and their application in studies of micellar systems. J Am Chem Soc 1977 99 2039-2044. 

Polarization and Environmental Effects. An important survey of the effects of polarization in fluorescence measurements has been published, and all readers engaged in making such measurements are urged to consider this treatise, which... 

One of the more useful aspects of fluorescence as a biophysical tool is the way in which both fluorescence intensity and wavelengths are sensitive to chemical and environmental effects. 

Unfortunately, the extreme sensitivity to environmental effects makes detailed interpretation of fluorescence changes difficult, particularly when several tyrosine and tryptophan residues are present. For example, Pjura et al (1993) reported that large changes in fluorescence and phosphorescence caused by perturbation of a tryptophanyl residue were not always correlated with the three-dimensional structure, stability and solvation properties of mutants of T4 lysozyme. Increases in polar relaxation about the excited state of tryptophan could result from only small increases in local dynamics or solvent exposure. 

How would the amplitude of spontaneous fluorescence change if environmental effects shifted a chromophore s emission wavelength from 280 to 260 nm without altering the transition dipole or quenching by nonradiative... 

Itoh K., Kimizuka T., Matsui K. ESR study of a nitroxide radical in silica and titania prepared by the sol-gel process. Anal. Sci. 2001 17(Suppl.) ill57-ill60 Kalyanasundaram K., Thomas J.K. Environmental effects on vibronic band intensities in pyrene monomer fluorescence and their application in studies of micellar systems. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 

The emission characteristics of fluorophores (the quantum yield and the wavelength of the emission maximum) are sensitive to their immediate environment and this leads to pronounced changes of fluorescence during protein denaturation (16). The high sensitivity of fluorescence to environmental effects was demonstrated in a particularly effective way in a study in which the decay of tryptophan fluorescence was followed in a number of proteins containing a single tryptophan residue (17). Deviations from simple exponential decay were interpreted as demonstrating that these proteins have a variable conformations, with the rate of their interconversion slow compared with the lifetime of the excited tryptophan. 

In the first part of this report, we discuss a fundamental aspect of shear-induced conformational transition of the PAA resulting from the interchain association that was monitored using the AuO fluorescence probe. Further, we discuss the influence of molecular environment on PAA conformation in relation to the DR behavior of the PAA. In the second part, we discuss a particular molecular environmental effect of cationic surfactants on the interchain association of the PAA, in that the chain conformation is dictated by the extent of the surfactant binding and the surfactant structure. 

A consideration of environmental effects on fluorescence is centered on how the physicochemical environment either increases or decreases DOM fluorescence through a variety... 

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