Fluorene-9-carboxylic acid

Beginning with 9-fluorene carboxylic acid, high molecular weight poly(9-hydroxy methyl-9-fluorene carboxylic acid) has been prepared by the homopolymerization of 9-hydroxymethyl-9-fluorene carboxylic acid using trifluoro methanesulfonate as the catalyst. This polymeric agent readily formed donor-acceptor complexes with 1,3-dinitrobenzene and is suitable as a charge transport material. 

Preparation of Poly(9-Hydroxymethyl-9-Fluorene Carboxylic Acid)... 

Hydroxy-9-fluorene carboxylic acid was also prepared. 

An example of the above method is the estimation of for the formation of ketene from aryl esters of 9-fluorene carboxylic acid these esters ionise and the conjugate base decomposes to ketene with the liberation of phenolate ion [13]. The overall equilibria are illustrated in Eqn. 20 and we may assume that for the overall reaction is 1.7 the decomposition of ketene to acid is of course substituent-... 

Diaryl ketones, such as o-bromobenzophenone and fluorenone carboxylic acids," are reduced by HI and red phosphorus in acetic acid or propionic acid under reflux, giving o-bromophenylphenyl-methane and fluorene carboxylic acid in high yields. 

Indene-3-carboxylic acid, butadiene, toluene, and a trace of ferf-butylcatechol heated 24 hrs. at 120° in a steel bomb -> l,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-4a-fluorene-carboxylic acid. Y 81%. F. e., also from esters, s. E. F. Godefroi and L. H. Si-manyi, J. Org. Ghem. 28, 1112 (1963). 

Dow Chemicals group and coworkers [276,350] synthesized similar triarylamine-fluorene copolymers 251 and 252, possessing carboxylic acid substituents, via hydrolysis of the corresponding ethyl ester polymers, prepared by Suzuki polymerization. Due to the very polar substituents, the copolymers 251 and 252 are only soluble in polar solvents such as DMF but not in aromatic hydrocarbons as toluene or xylene, which allowed simple fabrication of multilayer PLEDs by solution processes (Chart 2.65). 

Indane 1 formyl 7 carboxylic acid, see Acenaphthene 1-Indanone, see Acenaphthene, Fluorene... 

Indanone, see Fluorene l-Indanone-7-carboxylic acid, see Acenaphthene Indene, see Di-n-butyl phthalate lodoformaldehyde, see Methyl iodide... 

Methylfluorene has been prepared by cleavage of ethyl 9-methyl-9-fluorenylglyoxylate,4 by the decarboxylation of 9-methylfluorene-9-carboxylic acid,4 by the decarboxylation of 9-fluorenylacetic acid,6 by the cleavage of 9-methyl-9-acetyl-fluorene with alcoholic potassium hydroxide or soda-lime,6 by the reduction of 9-methyl-9-fluorenol with hydriodic acid in acetic acid,7 by the reaction of 9-fluorenyllithium 8 or -sodium 9 with methyl iodide or methyl sulfate,9 by the cyclization of diphenylmethyl carbinol over platinum-on-carbon at 300°,10 by the reaction of ethyl 9-methoxymcthyl-9-fluorcnylcarboxylate,11 by the diazotization and heating of 2-ethyl-2-aminobiphenyl,12 by the dehydration and then reduction of 9-mcthyl-9-fluorcnol,13... 

To a solution of the S-(+)-4-acethoxy-9-[2-(5-ethyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-3yl)-l-(lH-indol-2-yl)-l-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl]-3a-ethyl-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6-methyl-3a,4,5,5a,6,ll,12,12b-octahydro-lH-6,12a-diaza-indeno[7,l-ca]fluorene-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester in dioxane and glacial acetic acid was added 37% aqueous formaldehyde and the mixture stirred at 35°C for 24 h. The solution was evaporated in vacuo and the residue suspended in chloroform and washed with cold aqueous 5% K2C03 solution. The chloroform layer was dried (MgS04), filtered, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed eluting with EtOAc/MeOH, 10% NH4OH to give the product navelbine. 

Dihydro-3-thia-4,10,1 Ob-triazacyclopenta-[,a.]fluorene-1-carboxylic acid... 

Alkanoic acids or their copper salts cannot be decarboxylated under the same conditions as those acids which contain a rr-system (56), although fluorene-9-carboxylic acid appears to be an exception 279). 9-Fluo-renylcopper is the supposed intermediate. Under certain conditions the decarboxylation of alkanoic acids by lead(IV) is catalyzed by copper(II) complexes alkylcopper species have been proposed as intermediates 179). 

Many organic compounds react with carboxylic acids, acyl halides, or anhydrides in the presence of certain metallic halides, metallic oxides, iodine, or inorganic acids to form carbonyl compounds. The reaction is generally applicable to aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene, alkylbenzenes, biphenyl, fluorene, naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, higher aromatic ring systems, and many derivatives undergo the reaction. 

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