Fluoranthene temperature

Reported aqueous solubilities of fluoranthene at various temperatures and reported temperature dependence equation... 

FIGURE 4.1.1.30.1 Logarithm of mole fraction solubility (In x) versus reciprocal temperature for fluoranthene. 

Reported Henry s law constants of benzo[k]fluoranthene at various temperatures and temperature dependence equations... 

He, Y., Yediler, A., Sun, T., Kettrup, A. (1995) Adsorption of fluoranthene on soil and lava Effects of the common carbon contents of adsorbents and temperature. Chemosphere 30, 141-150. 

Fig. 5 Main contamination sources identified by PCA for sediments, fish, and suface water in the Ebro River basin, and explained variances for each principal component. Variable identification. Organic compounds in sediments 1, summatory of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) 2, summa-tory of DDTs (DDTs) 3, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 4, hexachlorobutadiene (HCBu) 5, summatory of trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) 6, naphthalene 7, fluoranthene 8, benzo(a)pyrene 9, benzo(b) fluoranthene 10, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 11, benzo(k)fluoranthene 12, indene(l,2,3-cd)pyrene. Organic compounds in fish 1, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 2, summatory of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) 3, o,p-DDD 4, o,p-DDE 5, o,p-DDT 6, p,p-DDD 7, />,/>DDE 8, />,/>DDT 9, summatory of DDTs (DDTs) 10, summatory of trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) 11, hexachlorobutadiene (HCBu) 12, fish length. Physico-chemical parameters in water 1, alkalinity 2, chlorides 3, cyanides 4, total coliforms 5, conductivity at 20°C 6, biological oxygen demand 7, chemical oxygen demand 8, fluorides 9, suspended matter 10, total ammonium 11, nitrates 12, dissolved oxygen 13, phosphates 14, sulfates 15, water temperature 16, air temperature...

Boeda et al. (1996) identified bitumen on a flint scraper and a Levallois flake, discovered in Mousterian levels (about 40 000 BP) at the site of Umm el Tlel in Syria. The occurrence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as fluoranthene, pyrene, phenanthrenes and chrysenes suggested that the raw bitumen had been subjected to high temperature. The distribution of the sterane and terpane biomarkers in the bitumen did not correspond to the well-known bitumen occurrences in these areas. In other studies of bitumen associated with a wide variety of artefacts of later date, especially from the 6th Millennium BC onwards, molecular and isotopic methods have proved successful in recognizing different sources of bitumen enabling trade routes to be determined through time (Connan et al., 1992 Connan and Deschesne, 1996 Connan, 1999 Harrell and Lewan, 2002). 

Based on laboratory analysis of 7 coal tar samples, benzo[i]fluoranthene concentrations ranged from 350 to 3,000 ppm (EPRl, 1990). Identified in high-temperature coal tar pitches used in roofing operations at concentrations ranging from 1,670 to 4,500 mg/kg (Malaiyandi et al, 1982). 

In the solid-state structure of dilithiated fluoranthene (235), generated from 234 in dimethoxyethane at room temperature by Bock and coworkers (Scheme 82), lithium-DME units are capping the naphthalene moiety from both sides of the plane alternatingly (compound 235 forms a coordination polymer in the solid state). The metallic lithium, used for the reaction, was activated by ultrasonic irradiation. Moreover, several structures of related polysodium compounds were also characterized in the solid state . 

PAHs also generally have well-structured emission spectra (see Figs. 10.6-10.10) and relatively large fluorescence quantum yields. For example, in degassed n-heptane at room temperature, the fluorescence quantum yields are as follows fluoranthene, 0.35 benz[ ]anthracene, 0.23 chrysene, 0.18 BaP, 0.60 BeP, 0.11 and benzo[g/zi]perylene, 0.29 (Heinrich and Giisten,1980). Cyclopenta[crf]pyrene, however, does not fluoresce. 

Figure 2. Gas chromatogram of A, PAH fraction of diesel particulate extract (Sl-C2) and By its HPLC subfraction C (S1-C2). GC conditions 45- X 0.35-mm id SE54 glass capillary column flame ionization detector temperature, 110°C for 2 min, programmed to 170°C at 10°/min, to 212°C at 3°/min, to 278°C at 8°/min. Peak identities 1, phenanthrene 2, anthracene 3-6, methylanthracene/-phenan-threne 7, 2-phenylnaphthalene 8-10, dimethylanthracene/-phenanthrene 11, fluoranthene 12, aceanthrylene/acephenanthrylene 13, pyrene 14-15, trimethylan-thracene/-phenanthrene 16, benzo [ghi]fluoranthene 17, benzo[a/anthracene 18, triphenylene 19, chrysene 20, benzo[b]fluoranthene 21, benzo[]]fluoranthene ...

Figure 3. Total ion chromatogram of extractable organics in a typical lot of Ambersorb XE-340 resin (SP-2100,10-m capillary column, temperature program 50(2)-250 at 5 °C/min, 1.0-pL splitless injection). 1, naphthalene 2,1- or 2-methylnaphthalene 3, biphenyl 4, 1,V-biphenyl, 2- or 3-methyl 5, fluorene 6, anthracene-phenanthrene 7tl- or 2-phenylnaphthalene 8, pyrene 9, fluoranthene 10, terphenyl isomer 11, benzo[b]naphthothiophene isomer 12, binaphthalene isomer 13, benzofluoranthene isomer. (Reproduced from...

This approach was developed further by Bidleman and co-workers (65, 70-72) and included the use of filter-collected particles and PUF traps to operationally define the required parameters. For example, the predicted influence of temperature on the vapor-particle partitioning of fluoranthene... 

In studies related to the stepwise synthesis of Cgo, Plater has developed pyrolytic dehydrochlorination methods for preparation of fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The reactions, which are thought to involve electrocyclization followed by loss of HC1, require high FVP temperatures of 950 °C. Thus 72 and 74 are converted to the products 73 and 75 at this temperature44, while benzo[g/z/]fluoranthene 77 is formed from 76 on FVP at 1030 °C45. At the even higher temperature of 1175°C this product isomerizes to 78. 

At the 95% confidence interval, no significance in terms of the three operating parameters was found when considering the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon recovery. However, recoveries of some individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found to be dependent on operating variables. In particular, low operating temperatures of 40 °C were very significant for naphthalene, chrysene and benzo(b)fluoranthene. 

Therefore, Ph/An> 15 may point to petrogenic sources and Ph/An< 10 to pyrolytic sources. Due to the wide range of values for this index found in the literature, values between 10 and 15 are considered indeterminate relative to source. In petroleum-derived PAHs, pyrene is more abundant than fluoranthene, while at higher combustion temperatures a predominance of fluoranthene over pyrene is characteristic. So the Fl/Pyr values greater than 1 are obviously related to pyrolytic sources, whereas values less than 1 are attributed to petrogenic sources. In order to avoid erroneous conclusions, the two ratios are often combined. When Ph/An> 15 and Fl/Pyr < 1, the PAH input is mainly from crude oil sources and when Ph/An< 10 and Fl/Pyr > 1, the major input may be related to combustion (Wang et ah, 2004b). 

Sanchez-Barragan, I., J.M. Costa-Femandez, R. Pereiro, et al. 2005. Molecularly imprinted polymers based on iodinated monomers for selective room-temperature phosphorescence optosensing of fluoranthene in water. Anal. Chem. 77 7005-7011. 

Fluoranthene (18) might be expected from reaction (14) of naphthalic anhydride and benzene (p. 18.), but it was not detected. As fluoranthene is thermally quite stable, its absence means it was probably not formed, suggesting that perinaphthalyne at elevated temperatures may react as a biradical, in a stepwise rather than concerted fashion. 

Mochida et al. studied the hydrogenation of fluoranthene (39) over carbon-sup-ported platinum metal catalysts in decalin at elevated temperatures and pressures.267 Fluoranthene was hydrogenated much more readily than pyrene, and was highly selective for the formation of tetrahydrofluoranthene 40 over all the catalysts investi-... 

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