Fluoranthene-pyrene, sediment

In an assessment of STORET data covering the period 1980-1982, Staples et al. (1985) reported median concentrations in sediment of <500 gg/kg dry weight for 15 PAHs (acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indenopyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). The number of sample ranged from 236 (anthracene) to 360 (benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene) the percentage of samples in which these PAHs were detected ranged from 6.0 (acenaphthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) to 22.0 (fluoranthene, pyrene). 

Unsubstituted aromatics such as benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and anthracene are usually found at higher levels associated with heavy industrial activity. Davies et al. (1981) showed that very high levels of PAH can be found in sediments around drilling platforms. 

Fig. 5 Main contamination sources identified by PCA for sediments, fish, and suface water in the Ebro River basin, and explained variances for each principal component. Variable identification. Organic compounds in sediments 1, summatory of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) 2, summa-tory of DDTs (DDTs) 3, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 4, hexachlorobutadiene (HCBu) 5, summatory of trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) 6, naphthalene 7, fluoranthene 8, benzo(a)pyrene 9, benzo(b) fluoranthene 10, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 11, benzo(k)fluoranthene 12, indene(l,2,3-cd)pyrene. Organic compounds in fish 1, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 2, summatory of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) 3, o,p-DDD 4, o,p-DDE 5, o,p-DDT 6, p,p-DDD 7, />,/>DDE 8, />,/>DDT 9, summatory of DDTs (DDTs) 10, summatory of trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) 11, hexachlorobutadiene (HCBu) 12, fish length. Physico-chemical parameters in water 1, alkalinity 2, chlorides 3, cyanides 4, total coliforms 5, conductivity at 20°C 6, biological oxygen demand 7, chemical oxygen demand 8, fluorides 9, suspended matter 10, total ammonium 11, nitrates 12, dissolved oxygen 13, phosphates 14, sulfates 15, water temperature 16, air temperature...

Fig. 10 Composition and spatial distribution of the main patterns of contamination identified in sediment of the Ebro River basin from year 2004 to 2006. Different temporal distribution of the PAHs pattern of contamination over the territory and constant distribution in time of the APs and heavier PAHs as well as the OCs pattern. Big circles representing higher levels of pattern contribution than small circles. Variables identification 1, naphthalene 2, acenaphtylene 3, acenapthene 4, fluorene 5, phenanthrene 6, anthracene 7, fluoranthene 8, pyrene 9, benzo(a) anthracene 10, chrysene 11, benzo(b)fluoranthene 12, benzo(k)fluoranthene 13, benzo(a)pyr-ene 14, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 15, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 16, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 17, octyl-phenol 18, nonylphenol 19, tributylphosphate 20, a-HCH 21, HCB 22,2,4-DDE 23,4,4-DDE 24, 2,4-DDD 25, 4,4-DDD 26, 2,4-DDT 27, 4,4-DDT...

Fig. 11 Composition of the identified patterns of contamination (loadings) in sediment and soil of the Ebro River basin and patterns contribution to the analyzed samples (scores) in fall from year 2004 to 2006. Samples ordered for both compartments from first to third sampling campaigns and, for each campaign, from NW to SE. Variables identification 1, acenaphtylene 2, phenanthrene 3, anthracene 4, fluoranthene 5, pyrene 6, benzo(a)anthracene 7, chrysene 8, benzo(b)fluor-anthene 9, benzo(k)fluoranthene 10, benzo(a)pyrene 11, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 12, dibenzo (a.h)anthracene 13, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 14, tributylphosphate 15, 4,4-DDE...

Fig. 2.20. Composition (mean%) of 16 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to total PAHs detected in various environmental media in (a) air (n = 24), (b) soil (n = 226), (c) freshwater (n = 46), and (d) marine sediment (n = 159), from the South Korea. Naphthalene NAP, Acenaphthylene ACY, Acenaphthene ACE, Fluorine FLU, Phenanthrene PHE, Anthracene ANT, Fluoranthene FLT, Pyrene PYR, Benz[a]ant-hracene BaA, Chrysene CHR, Benzo[6]fluoranthene BbF, Benzo[ ]fluoranthene BkF, Benzo[a]pyrene BaP, Indeno[l,2,3,c,d]pyrene I123cdP, Dibenz[a,/z]anthracene DahA, Ben-zo[g,/y ]perylene BghiP.

The kinetic/thermodynamic isomer ratios of phenanthrene anthracene (three-ring) and pyrene fluoranthene (four-ring) were derived from PAH marine sediment data for Singapore, and are shown in Fig. 15.11. An abundance of high molecular weight PAHs is typical of atmospheric... 

Fig. 5-8. CHERNOFF faces of PAH in 45 selected river sediments from Thuringia, feature standardization. face width = naphthalene, ear level = fluoranthene, half-face height = benzo(b)fluor-anthene, eccentric upper face = benzo(k)fluoranthene, eccentric lower face = benzo(a)pyr-ene, nose length - benzo(ghi)perylene, mouth centering = indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene...

Ho, Y., Jackson, M., Yang, Y., Mueller, J. G. Pritchard, P. H. (2000). Characterization of fluoranthene- and pyrene-degrading bacteria isolated from PAH-contaminated soils and sediments. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 100-12. 

Figure 3, Gas chromatogram of fractions 36-40 from the extract of Charles River sediment, ap, anthracene or phenanthrene 45mp, 4,5-methylenephenanthrene f, fluoranthene py, pyrene chry, chrysene. The number of superscript cs indicates the number of alkyl substituted...

J. W. M. Wegener, E. A. Maier, G. N. Kramer, W. P. Cofino, The certification of the contents (mass fractions) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and indeno(l,2,3-cd) pyrene in fresh water harbour sediment CRM 535, EUR 17795 EN, 1997, European Commission, Luxembourg, pp. 51. 

Sorption of PAHs to soil and sediments increases with increasing organic carbon content and with increasing surface area ofthe sorbent particles. Karickhoff et al. (1979) reported adsorption coefficients for sorption of pyrene to sediments as follows sand-9.4-68 silt-1,500-3,600 and clay-1,400-3,800. Gardner et al. (1979) found that from three to four times more anthracene and about two times more fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene were retained by marsh sediment than by sand. 

Coal tar creosote-derived phenanthrene, 1,2-benzanthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene have been detected in river sediments at concentrations of up to 231, 62, and 16 mg/kg (wet basis), respectively, directly downstream from the site of a former wood treatment facility. At 4,000 meters from the source, these levels decreased to 0.35, 1.02, and 0.40 mg/kg (wet basis), respectively (Black 1982). Creosote-derived PAHs were also detected in the sediments of Pensacola Bay and a drainage stream in the vicinity of a former wood treatment facility near Pensacola, Florida. PAH concentrations ranged from 200 pg/g for naphthalene to 140 mg/kg for anthracene in stream sediments concentrations in Pensacola Bay ranged from 75 (ig/kg for benzanthracene to 190 pg/kg for fluoranthene (Elder and Dresler 1988). 

With respect to further PACs analysed in the sediment core (see Tab. 1), concentration profiles very similar to the one of benz[a]anthracene were detected for most of the substances. This group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) include acenaphthylene, anthracene, chrysene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, fluorene and pyrene. Only for perylene the distribution within the sediment core resembled the ones of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[x]fluoranthene (x = b,k). 

Fig. 5 A-C Depth- and time-correlated concentration profiles of detected PACs benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[x]fluoranthene (with x=b,k), dibenzothiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[2,l-d]thiophene determined in dated sediments of a Lippe river wetland (Germany).

Figure 2. A 50-min portion of a typical HR (GCf chromatogram of a 40% benzene in hexane fraction of a Gulf of Mexico sediment sample collected off the south Texas coast. 1, Crnaphthalene 2, C2-naphthalene 3, biphenyl 4, C -naphthalenes 5, C5-naphthalene 6, fluoranthene 7, pyrene and 8, chrysene. IS represents internal standards (hexamethyl benzene and 3-methyl tricosane). Chromatographic conditions are described in the text.

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