Fluid manipulation Subject

Historically, pnibhshed values of the h/h concentration of both tissue and body fluids from healthy subjects have varied greatly. These great differences were attributed to numerous variables, such as age, sex, dietary habits, physiological conditions, environmental factors and numerous other X-factors. Given the delicate nature and the instability of biological samples, it has been concluded that improper sample collection methods and manipulation drastically affects the iodine content of biological matrices. 

A myriad of conditions could give rise to nonuniform charge distributions in the fluid. For example, electroosmotic flows or solutions of electrolytes are often used to manipulate microfluidic flows. In these situations, the macromolecule may be subject to Coulomb forces. There is no general expression to account for these forces, but they will depend on the location and strength of the charge distribution in the fluid as well as along the molecule. 

Flow is the manipulated variable as well as the controlled variable, so it seems as though the process is unity. But this is not the case. Opening a valve does admit flow, but the response is not quite instantaneous. If the fluid is gaseous, it is subject to expansion upon a change in pressure therefore the contents of a pipe vary somewhat with pressure drop, hence with flow. In a liquid stream, inertia is significant-flow cannot be started or stopped without accelerating or decelerating. To demonstrate the dynamic character of inertia, the time constant of a column of liquid in a pipe will be derived. 

The most effective model for non-Newtonian flow is the Ostwald-de Waele two-parameter, power-law fluid model [13]. The popularity of this model is easily traced to its Iractability in mathematical manipulations. In the power-law model, the apparent viscosity y = j. l CM Idy = r/y of a polymer fluid subject to a simple steady shear flow is given by... 

---