Packed columns flow through

Ergun, S., Eluid flow through packed columns, Chem. Eng. Prog. 48, No. 2, 89, 1952. 

Burke, S.P. and Plummer, W.B., 1928. Gas flow through packed columns. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20, 1196-1200. 

Rao, V. G., and Drinkenburg, A. A. H., A model for pressure drop in two-phase gas-liquid down-flow through packed columns. AIChEJ. 31, 1010-1018 (1985). 

Ergun, S., Fluid Flow Through Packed Columns, Chem Eng. Progress, 48(2) 89-94 (1952)... 

A considerable difference exists between flow through an open column and packed column as illustrated by Figure 2.11. Darcy s law, which governs flow through packed columns, states that flow velocity is proportional to the pressure gradient. 

Dorman, R. G. (1966). Filtration. In Aerosol Science. Ed. C. N. Davies. New York Academic Press. Ergun, S. (1952). Fluid Flow Through Packed Columns. Chem. Eng. Prog., 48, 89. 

Considerable literature has been published on the pressure drop of cocurrent flow through packed columns.46,70-90 100,106,107 Several empirical and semitheoretical correlations are presented. Turpin and Huntington,100 for instance, correlated their downflow pressure gradient results by the relation... 

The experiment described, in which the dominant electrolyte ion is switched, is basically the method used to measure the exchange characteristics of a particular soil, sediment, or aquatic particle. Batch techniques are used most commonly, but ion exchange is also sometimes measured via experiments involving continuous flow through packed columns (16, 17). In both techniques, changes in the aqueous and/or solid-phase concentrations of the competing ions are measured to provide information about ion uptake or release by the solid phase. 

Pressure-drop data for flow through porous media. [From R. B. Bird, W. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, Wiley, New York, 1960, who redrew it from S. Ergun, Fluid flow through packed columns, CEP 48 89-94 (1952). Reproduced by permission of the publisher.]... 

S. Ergun, Fluid flow through packed columns, Cherri. Eng Prog. 48 89-94 (1952). 

Sabrl Ergun. 1952. Fluid Flow through Packed Columns, Chemical Engineering Progress, 48 89-94. 

Ergun, S. 1952 Fluid flow through packed columns. Chtan. Eng. Prog. 48(2), 89-94, 1952. Gibilaro, L. G., Felice, R. I. D., and Waldram, S. P. Generalized ftiction factor and drag coefficient correlations for fluid-particle interactitms. Chem. Eng. Sci. 40, 1817-1823, 1985. 

Pressure drop in flow through packed columns has been investigated by Furnas,Chilton and Colburn,and more recently by Leva and Ergun. The same general trends were observed in all these investigations, although the experimental data show considerable scatter, probably due to differences in voidage and/or wall effects for which corrections were not always applied. The data may be conveniently correlated in terms of a dimensionless friction factor (/), defined by... 

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