Flocculation amphoteric flocculants

Potato starch is inherently anionic, since it contains phosphate groups. The presence of both anionic and cationic groups in cationized potato starch enhances its flocculation power and renders it active over a wider pH range. Com starch has to be rendered amphoteric by the introduction of phosphate groups. Charge modification has also been applied to waxy maize starch. 

Because of their amphoteric properties, animal glues possess electrical charges which unmodified or with suitable modification by simple chemical additives are highly effective as colloidal flocculents and as protective colloids in such applications as paper manufacturer, rubber compounding, ore and metal refining, and for water and industrial waste-water treatment. 

The flocculant based on cellulose can be generally classified into four major groups [i] cationic cellulose-based-flocculant, (ii) anionic cellulose-based flocculant [41], (Hi) amphoteric cellulose-based flocculant, (iv) nonionic cellulose-based flocculant [42] as follows ... 

Dimethylaminopropylamine is an aliphatic amine present in amphoteric surfactants such as liquid soaps and shampoos. It is present as an impurity responsible for allergy from cocamidopropylbetaine. It is structurally similar to diethylaminopropylamine. It is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and as an organic intermediate in chemical syntheses (ion exchangers, additives for flocculants, cosmetics and fuel additives, dyes and pesticides). 

Of the other types, amphoteric, structured and natural flocculants are perhaps the most important. In the former, the polymer molecules contain both cationic and anionic charge sites and/or functional groups. Although amphoteric polymers need to be manufactured under very carefully controlled conditions and little seems to be known about their modus operandi, there are claims for the improved flocculation of materials such... 

Although starch is largely added at the wet end of the paper machine, it can be placed directly on the formed sheet. The starch can be sprayed onto the fibers, applied as foam directly on the wet web, or applied as a thin curtain to the wet web. These alternative methods have certain advantages, but they lose the flocculating ability of cationic or amphoteric starches. 

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