Flight operating limitation

Comum K, Comum R, Storm W. Use of psychostimulants in extended flight operations a Desert Shield experience. In Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development conference Proceedings No. 579, Neurological Limitations of... 

Identical concerns are expressed by Ebbatson, Harris, Huddlestone and Sears regarding events and situations that require manual flight. Although manual flight is limited in normal operations, recurrent training and proficiency checks require it. Since only infrequent opportunities to exercise manual flying skills exist, the... 

Candidate certification maintenance requirements (CCMR) Aperiodic maintenance or flight crew check may be used in a safety analysis to help demonstrate compliance with JAR 25.1309(b) for hazardous and catastrophic failure conditions. Where such checks cannot be accepted as basic servicing or airmanship they become candidate certification maintenance requirements (CCMRs) (AMC to CS25.1309). (Note AMC 25.19 defines a method by which certification maintenance requirements (CMRs) are identified from the candidates. A CMR becomes a required periodic maintenance check identified as an operating limitation of the type certificate for the aeroplane.)... 

Temperature limits of flight engine alloys have been steadily inereasing about 20 °F (11 °C) per year sinee 1945. Transpiration and internally eooled metal blades have resulted in higher temperatures and more effieient operation. But the direet eorrelation between effieieney and fabrieation eost has resulted in a situation of diminishing returns for the superalloys. As more and more eooling air is needed for the superalloy eomponents, the effieieney of the engine drops to a point where turbine inlet temperatures around 2300 °F (1260 °C) are the optimum and, at that point, they are uneeonomie for automotive use. 

In a final RTD experiment, a sheet of dye was frozen as before and positioned in the feed channel perpendicular to the flight tip. The sheet positioned the dye evenly across the entire cross section. After the dye thawed, the extruder was operated at five rpm in extrusion mode. The experimental and numerical RTDs for this experiment are shown in Fig. 8.12, and they show the characteristic residence-time distribution for a single-screw extruder. The long peak indicates that most of the dye exits at one time. The shallow decay function indicates wall effects pulling the fluid back up the channel of the extruder, while the extended tail describes dye trapped in the Moffat eddies that greatly impede the down-channel movement of the dye at the flight corners. Moffat eddies will be discussed more next. Due to the physical limitations of the process, sampling was stopped before the tail had completely decreased to zero concentration. 

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been used to measure oxides of nitrogen during flight (71). By tuning the laser to specific infrared absorption bands, the technique can selectively measure each compound. Detection limits are higher (25-100 pptrv for a 3-min response time) than the best chemiluminescent methods, and the instrumentation is less amenable to aircraft operations than the chemiluminescence techniques because of weight and size. 

---