Flexible-residue analysis

It is the aim of this contribution to review the principles of the very flexible curve fitting approach by cubic spline functions for construction of concentration/response curves, to demonstrate the applicability of this methodology for several data sets relevant in pesticide residue analysis... 

The Strategy conveyed in this paper permits coherent results from an automated CA while using flexible residues. By testing all the starting models over the entire range of < ) and P, parallel sets of data were obtained that were submitted to a simple program for final analysis. This minimizes the personal time required to produce a... 

Accurate, sensitive analytical methods are required for reliable environmental control analyses. GC is currently the most flexible and sensitive method for residue analysis. One alternative technique in growing use for the determination of carbamates is LC (or high-performance liquid... 

QuEChERS, due to its low cost, coupled to its flexibility and ease of use, will be increasingly applied in residue analysis. 

To ensure a fair and consistent evaluation, all the assessment parameters must be calculated on the same number of residues and atoms across all submitted models. The submissions are therefore filtered to exclude flexible residues that adopt different conformations in the bound and unbound protein components, or not present across all models. These residues are defined using structural alignments of the individual ligand and receptor entities and identifying those with largest deviations. Typically, residues located in (short) loops are excluded from the RMSD fits and subsequent analysis. 

It is perhaps an indication of the limited success of electrophoretic techniques for the determination of pesticide residues at trace levels that although many papers and reviews on the subject have been published, very few laboratories involved in the routine analysis of residues rely on such techniques for their work. Electrophoretic techniques have suffered because of poor flexibility and sensitivities compared with chromatographic techniques. 

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