Flexible geometry

In the electrocurtain processor, the shielding is clad direcdy to the tube housing. Housing space is relatively small, because a shielded tube 25 cm in diameter replaces the 3-m high stmcture required for the scaimed electron beam apparatus. The electrocurtain has a more flexible geometry and can be adapted more readily to many different types of curing appHcations (43). 

As Ti is incorporated in the silicate lattice, the volume of the unit cell expands (consistent with the flexible geometry of the ZSM-5 lattice) (75), but beyond a certain limit, it cannot expand further, and Ti is ejected from the framework, forming extraframework Ti species. Although no theoretical value exists for such a maximum limit in such small crystals, it depends on the type of silicate structure (MFI, beta, MCM, mordenite, Y, etc.) and the extent of defects therein, the latter depending to a limited extent on the preparation procedure. Because of the metastable positions of Ti ions in such locations, they can expand their geometry and coordination number when required (for example, in the presence of adsorbates such as H20, NH3, H2O2, etc.). Such an expansion in coordination number has, indeed, been observed recently (see Section II.B.2). The strain imposed on such 5- and 6-fold coordinated Ti ions by the demand of the framework for four bonds with tetrahedral orientation may possibly account for their remarkable catalytic properties. In fact, the protein moiety in certain metalloproteins imposes such a strain on the active metal center leading to their extraordinary catalytic properties (76). 

Some formulations of the potential energy function (e.g., References 27 and 79, and AMBER, CHARMM, and DISCOVER, as well as most force fields used in small-molecule studies) include terms that allow for bond stretching and bond angle bending, that is, for flexible geometry. Hence, the terms in Eq. [1] are augmented by the expression27... 

Read and co-workers have recently used a coincidence spectrometer with extremely flexible geometry (Murray, Turton and Read, 1992 Hawley-Jones et al, 1992). This is achieved by a design in which the... 

A great aid in the standard calibration could be MC simulations (Hansson and Isaksson, 2007 O Meara et al, 1998). The physical processes involved in photon interactions are probabilistic and can be described statistically. MC methods use random number generation and probability statistics to investigate problems, and are thus applicable for understanding the XRF process and can also function as an aid in the calibrations. Most programs allow flexible geometry definitions and the result can be made to almost perfectly resemble any measurement situation. 

Electron transfer, which has much less demanding geometric requirements than most reactions catalyzed by enzymes, may be compatible with a loose mode of association. Other biological recognition processes also tolerate a flexible geometry and require dissociation to be fast. In the immune system, cell adhesion between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells is a process where imperfect interfaces (Ysern et al.,... 

A small number of water models have flexible geometry, such as the TJE [69] and BJH [70] models. The development of multiple time-step integration methods, such as r-RESPA [71] are resulting in greater popularity of models with flexible geometry since flexibility should improve the model s ability to describe more realistically the equilibrium and the dynamical properties of water [72-74]. 

Water has typically been represented as a set of point charges distributed in either a rigid or a flexible geometry... 

The first example of dry solid polymer electrolyte invented by Wright is the PEO-based system. Since this system does not contain any organic liquid and the polymer host is thus used as solid solvent, the safety performance is excellent and the mechanical strength and flexible geometry are good. However, the ion conductivity is too poor to be used. The second category of polymer electrolyte is called the GPE which is neither liquid nor solid or conversely both liquid and solid (Gray, 1991), and the gel... 

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