Flat plate combined convection

In combined convective flow over a horizontal flat surface, the buoyancy forces are at right angles to the flow direction and lead to pressure changes across the boundary layer, i.e., there is an induced pressure gradient in the boundary layer despite the fact that flow over a flat plate is involved. Under some circumstances, this can lead to complex three-dimensional flow in the boundary layer. This type of flow will not be considered here, more information being available in [17] to [23]. 

Oosthuizen. P.H. and Bassey, M., An Experimental Study of Combined Forced and Free Convective Heat Transfer from Flat Plates to Air at Low Reynolds Numbers , J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 96, pp. 120-121, 1973. 

Oosthuizen, PH. and Hart, R.. A Numerical Study of Laminar Combined Convective Flow Over Flat Plates". J. Heat Trans., Feb., 1973, pp. 60-63. 

Robertson, G.E., Seinfeld, J.H. and Leal, L.G. (1973). Combined forced and free convection flow past a horizontal flat plate, AIChE, 19(5) 998-1008. 

Combined forced and free convection at a vertical flat plate, where the forced convection velocity is in the same direction as the natural convection flow (the so-called assisting mixed convection case). Here, researchers have combined Sherwood numbers for the pure forced and natural convection cases in the following way [15, 24-26] ... 

The gas stove or Bunsen burner mixes natural gas with air to an optimally burning mixture. The tips of the flame reach temperatures of 1,500 °C. The produced heat is directed towards the container wall using a diffuser. Through the wall, conduction to the product occurs, in which the heat spreads by conduction and convection. Domestic gas stoves or a Bunsen burner usually are combined with a tripod. On top of the tripod, a metal gauze is used, sometimes with a pressed ceramic core or ceramic plate. The latter is the easiest to clean. The container should have a flat bottom for the proper conduction of the heat from the gauze or plate. 

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