Flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption

Mn(II) and Fe(II) were determined by differential pulse voltammetry (9, 30). The determinations were carried out within a few hours after sampling. Total dissolved and particulate Fe and Mn (after digestion of the particulate matter in a microwave digestion unit with HN03-HC1) were measured by flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Many metal analyses are carried out using atomic spectroscopic methods such as flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). These methods commonly require the sample to be presented as a dilute aqueous solution, usually in acid. ICP-mass spectrometry requires similar preparation. Other samples may be analyzed in solid form. For x-ray fluorescence, the solid sample may require dilution with a solid buffer material to produce less variation between samples and standards, reducing matrix effects. A solid sample is also preferred for neutron activation analyses and may be obtained from dilute aqueous samples by precipitation methods. 

The most common analytical method for indium is atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) using either flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS, GFAAS) (Welz and Sperling 1999). Determination of indium at pg kg concentrations by GFAAS following ion pair extrac-... 

An analytical laboratory can analyze the dust from either a wipe or a vacuum cleaner bag using ICP (inductively coupled plasma) spectroscopy for about 25. Other methods that are used are flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS or GFAAS) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF). ... 

---