Flail chest

Assess for bilateral chest wall movement. Auscultate, percuss, visualize, and palpate the chest wall and lung fields. Pneumothorax, flail chest, hemothorax, and open pneumothorax must be identified and treated. 

Compression Rib fracture Stable ribcage Flail chest... 

The neonatal form presents as a skeletal disorder with bent bones, soft, undermineralized skull, and respiratory distress because of soft and dysplastic ribs. The infantile form can present unspecifically as poor feeding, failure to thrive, signs of rickets, flail chest and - most importantly - signs of elevated intracranial pressure. Apparently, the mineralization defect results in growth arrest of the cranial sutures ( functional craniosynostosis). In adults, mild hypophosphatasia may present as recurrent stress fractures and so-called pseudofractures (looser zones). In both children and adults, premature loss of teeth may be a sign of hypophosphatasia. 

Spumes of flame lanced out from the barrel and the miniature warheads exploded deep in each man s chest plate, sending them staggering back, rifles and arms flailing. Razum had his man in a neck-hold and finished him with a bone-crunching twist. Magnesium flame licked around the rims of each crater in Angel s two victims. 

An example of the use of the MADYMO model to simulate air bag inflation and occupant response to the frontal collision of an automobile is shown in Fig. 10.13. In this diagram, the response of a person wearing a shoulder and lap seat belt has been calculated at 25-ms time intervals following the initiation of air bag inflation. The forward rotation of the head is clearly visible and is arrested before it impacts the chest. Also, the flailing of the arms can be seen. 

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