Fischer-Ingold effect

The Fischer-Ingold effect can be understood without the need for elaborate -but more rigorous - mathematical modelling. Let us consider a compound A, which can be decomposed thermally or photochemically (with or without solvent) into two radicals, X and Y , which will then undergo recombination. If we neglected eventual cage effects and assume that the rate of such recombinations is diffusion controlled (and therefore comparable), then, statistically, of the three possible reactions shown by in Scheme 9.1, one would expect a yield... 

The synthesis of mixed peroxides formed from /-butyl hydroperoxide and carbon-centred radicals has been studied. The reactions were strongly effected by solvents as well as catalytic amounts of Cun/Fem. The kinetic data suggest that the conditions for the Ingold-Fischer persistent radical effect are fulfilled in these cases.191 The use of Cu /Cu" redox couples in mediating living radical polymerization continues to be of interest. The kinetics of atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene with CuBr and bipyridine have been investigated. The polymer reactions were found to be first order with respect to monomer, initiator and CuBr concentration, with the optimum CuBr Bipy ratio found to be 2 1.192 In related work using CuBr-A-pentyl-2-... 

---