First Progesterone

I Brand Name(s) Crinone, First Progesterone MC10, First ProgesteroneMC5, Prochieve, Prometrium... 

Topical Cream-. 5% (First Progesterone MC5), 10% (First Progesterone MClO). 

The concept of hormonal control of ovulation first appeared in 1921 when Ludwig Habedandt, a physiologist at the University of Iimsbmck, showed that extracts of the corpus luteum, containing progesterone [57-83-0] C2 H2q02, could inhibit ovulation and make mice and rabbits infertile (10). Subsequent research showed that this phenomenon occurred in other species as well. 

Alternatively, hydroxylation may be carried out in a continuous process. In this the organism is first cultured in one vessel and then transferred to a production vessel. Progesterone is fed into this second vessel at a concentration of 05g l1. Over 50% of the progesterone is hydroxylated when the residence time in the production vessel is about 5h. 

Historically, the 1950s represented an important time in the control of human fertility. It was during that decade that the first combined oral contraceptives were developed. Shortly after the discovery that the exogenous administration of hormones such as progesterone successfully blocked ovulation, the use of hormonal steroids quickly became the most popular method of contraception worldwide. Specifically, combined oral contraceptives represent the most commonly used reversible form of contraception today and it is estimated that nearly 100 million women worldwide take oral contraceptives.1 Further, in the United States, it is estimated that at some time during their lives, more than 80% of women born since 1945 have used oral... 

Knowledge regarding biosyntheses has induced several biomimetic approaches towards steroids, the first examples being described by van Tamelen [10] and Corey [11]. A more efficient process was developed by Johnson [12] who, to synthesize progesterone 0-10 used an acid-catalyzed polycyclization of the tertiary allylic alcohol 0-7 in the presence of ethylene carbonate, which led to 0-9 via 0-8 (Scheme 0.3). The cyclopentene moiety in 0-9 is then transformed into the cyclohexanone moiety in progesterone (0-10). 

Alternatives to estrogen for hot flushes are shown in Table 31-6. Progesterone alone may be an option in women with a history of breast cancer or venous thrombosis, but side effects limit their use. For women with contraindications to hormone therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine are considered by some to be first-line therapy, but efficacy of venlafaxine beyond 12 weeks has not been shown. 

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