First maturation

Maturing is important practically because the wafers change dimensionally. If wafers are just cooled and covered with chocolate they will subsequently crack the chocolate. This can be avoided by first maturing the wafers. 

In the following, an overview of the developmental work which began in 1989 is presented in which the emphasis lies on the selected industrial cooperations that produced the first mature market products or where new products are being manufactured. 

The hydrogel thus obtained was first matured for 4 to 6 hours in a closed vessel at room temperature (ageing phase) and then heated in a 120 cm3 PTFE-lined steel autoclave at 200-220°C under autogeneous pressure for several hours or days (crystallization phase) (Joly et al. 1991). After crystallization, the autoclave was cooled at room temperature. The product was filtrated and washed four times with distilled water and dried at 60 C during 24 hours. The product is then characterized. 

Stages of maturational development Sexual differentiation - Primary gonadal development First maturation or puberty - Secondary gonadal development - FOM, ovulation and spermiation - Spawning... 

THORPE J E (1986) Age at first maturity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Freshwater period influences and conflicts with smelting, in Sahnonid age at maturity , Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 89, pp. 7-14. 

After having presented the first mature FLC prototypes in 1988 (black and white) and 1992 (color). Canon in Tokyo is now manufacturing the first 15 in. (37.5 cm) FLC panel with 1280x1024 pixels, where each pixel, of size 230 pm x 230 pm, can display 16 different colors because it is composed of four dots or subpixels. This screen (Fig. 87) has a remarkable performance and does not resemble anything else in its absolute freedom of flicker. At the other end of the scale, Displaytech Inc., U.S.A.,... 

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