Filters ammonia monitoring using

The reaction of ammonia with OPA in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol is the basis of a simple, economic and transportable analyzer system for shipboard monitoring (Figure 7.36). The method makes use of a solenoid micropump system applying a reverse FIA concept, i.e. the reagent is injected into the sample flow, which is consequently also used as carrier. A specially made detection cell for fluorescence detection of the reaction product isoindol-l-sulfonat is made and combined with a commercial photomultiplier tube, a long-pass optical filter, and an UV-LED as excitation light source. An LOD of 13 nmol/1 is achieved [121]. 

A schematic presentation and a picture of the experimental setup are shown in Figs. 14.16 and 14.17, respectively, which include a medium-duty Diesel engine, Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)/Diesel particulate filter (DPF), and two SCR catalysts in series at downstream of the DOC/DPF. For the emission measurement system, a Horiba MEXA 7500 gas analyzer was used to measure the tailpipe NO emissions. Three Siemens VDO (NGK) NO sensors and two Delphi ammonia sensors were used to provide feedback information to the SCR controller and to monitor the emission levels at different locations as shown in Figs. 14.16 and 14.17. 

Figure 19.1 shows an airlift bioreactor contains external loop which is made of Pyrex glass. The bioreactor was fed with sweet cheese sterilized and deprotenized whey. The cell suspension was aseptically transferred to the bioreactor. Airlift bioreactor was operated at working volume of 7 liters that included 10% pre-culture. The regulation system allows for temperature control at 30 1°C foam-level and pH controlled by addition of antifoam and ammonia, respectively. The set-point fixed at pH 5.0 0.1. The system was aerated with filtered air at a different flow rate of 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8 vvm that was controlled using an aeration pump controller Each run was achieved in duplicates the average values of lactose, ethanol, and biomass concentrations were calculated and monitored with respect to time. 

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