Film blowing simulation

The first milestone in modeling the process is credited to Pearson and Petrie (42—44). who laid the mathematical foundation of the thin-film, steady-state, isothermal Newtonian analysis presented below. Petrie (45) simulated the process using either a Newtonian fluid model or an elastic solid model in the Newtonian case, he inserted the temperature profile obtained experimentally by Ast (46), who was the first to deal with nonisothermal effects and solve the energy equation to account for the temperature-dependent viscosity. Petrie (47) and Pearson (48) provide reviews of these early stages of mathematical foundation for the analysis of film blowing. 

J. M. Andre et al., Numerical Modelling of the Film Blowing Process, in J. Huetink and F. P. T. Baaijens, eds.. Simulation of Materials Processing Theory, Methods and Applications, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1998. 

There have been numerous studies on the film-blowing process. Since the initial thin-shell approximation proposed by Pearson and Petrie [125, 126] with the Newtonian model assumed for deformation, various rheological models have been incorporated in simulations, such as the power-law model [127,128], a crystallization model [129], the Maxwell model [130-133], the Leonov model [133], a viscoplasti-c-elastic model [134], the K-BKZ/PSM model [135-137], and a nonisothermal viscosity model [138]. A complete set of experimental data was reported by Gupta [139] for the Styron 666 polystyrene and by Tas [140] for three different grades of LDPE. 

Beaulne, M. and Mitsoulis, E. (1998) Numerical simulation of the film-blowing process. Int.J. Form. Proc., 1, 451-484. 

Sidiropoulos, V., Tain, J.J., and Vlachopoulos, J. (1996) Computer simulation of film blowing. J. Plast, Film Sheeting, 12, 107-129. 

Doufas, A.K. and McHugh, A.J. (2001) Simulation of film blowing including flow-induced crystallization. J. Rheol.,... 

The material properties needed for simulation of blow molding, blown film extrusion, and thermoforming are listed in Table 11.8. The... 

Development of constitutive models for representing polymer behaviour in simulations of solid-state forming processes has drawn intense interest over the past 12 years. A particular target of great practical importance is the modelling of hot drawing of amorphous isotropic PET, which is subjected to biaxial stresses above the glass transition temperature in production of oriented films and injection stretched blow molded products [1-8]. 

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