Fillers, salts, and other additives for composites preparation

1 Fillers, salts, and other additives for composites preparation 

An understanding of the interactions of the various species in the polymer electrolytes has made it possible to choose appropriate 

The common way to classify additives is by their nature and particle size. Additives can be classified as inorganic, organic, metallic, and carbon. Based on the scale of the additives particle size, they can be described as macro-, meso-, micro- and nanosized. The main interest is in nano-sized additives, in which at least one of the particle dimensions is equal to 100 nm (or 1 x 10 m) or smaller. At the same time, particle may have no dimensions (OD] in the nano-range, or one or two or three dimensions in the nano-range. 

Studies indicate the formation of an intercalated morphology in the nanocomposites due to favorable interactions between the polymer matrix and the clay. The morphology of the nanocomposite is intricately linked to the amount of silicate in the system. With clay content 15 wt%, mechanical properties are further improved but the formation of an apparent superlattice structure correlates with a loss in the electrical properties of the nanocomposite [25]. 

In addition, Lewis acid-base interactions between the polar surface groups of the inorganic oxide filler and the electrolyte ionic species yield a better extent of salt dissociation through formation of ion-inorganic oxide complex. Due to the heavy mass of the ion-inorganic oxide complex, the conductivity in this composite is not likely to be contributed directly from the movement of these complexes. Instead, the major conducting path still originates 

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