Figures for Chapters

6 A cartoon showing gel collapse and swelling upon change of environment conditions, such as, e.g., solvent composition, temperature and so on. The figure is courtesy of T. Tanaka. 

Uq o) and U a) fora neutral network, (b) The change in Uq o) when the network acquires an electrical charge, (c) F a) for a charged network. 

5 Somewhat fictitious picture presenting many molecular machines working in the water medium. The figure is courtesy of V.S. Pande. 

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On pages 3 and 4, the calculations for Chapter 5.3 Range Finding Experiments are calculated for the example. The results listed on page 4 in line 38 are listed again in Table 5.3.1 and shown on Figures 5.3.2 and 5.3.3. 

It was pointed out in Chapter 5 that plasticisers were essentially non-volatile solvents. Consequently they were required to have solubility parameters close to that of the polymer and a molecular weight of at least 300. If the polymer or the plasticisers had a tendency to crystallise then there would need to be some sort of specific interaction between the polymer and the plasticiser. Tables 5.4 and 5.6 gave some figures for the solubility parameters of polymers and plasticisers. 

As an application of the turnover time concept, let us consider the model of the carbon cycle shown in Fig. 4-3. This diagram is different from the one used in the chapter on the carbon cycle (Chapter 11), because it serves our purposes better for this chapter. The values given for fhe various fluxes and burdens are very similar to the corresponding figure in Chapter 11 (Fig. 11-1). 

It is essential to collect sales figures and the associated costs by the day/week/month, and to separate the figures for the different products. It is also essential to distinguish between fixed and variable costs. As we have seen (Chapter 8), the latter include costs such as field preparation, seed, harvesting and packaging. Fixed, or overhead, costs include loan repayments, property taxes, insurance, depreciation and maintenance on buildings and equipment. It is important to include the farmer s salary as a fixed cost, as well as marketing costs, deliveries, fuel, and vehicle upkeep. 

Figure 2 illustrates the workflow and location in the guidance of the relevant information for Chapter R.18 [19]. 

Notes. Weighted average calculated on the basis of the number of packages prescribed. In the figures for England, Chapters 14 and 15 are treated as one chapter. 

Dennis Holmgren, J.D. 2002 from the Louis D. Brandeis School of Law of the University of Louisville, provided valuable research assistance and generated the computer graphics for the figures in Chapter 1. Rob Wright, J.D. 2003, ably assisted with the final reference check. 

Plate 6 (Figure 5, Chapter 6, p. 288). Crystal structure of FepA, the TonB dependent receptor for ferric-enterochelin. (Reproduced by permission of D. van der Helm and L. Esser)... 

Plate 7 (Figure 8, Chapter 6, p. 306). Structure of the Escherichia coli FhuA protein serving as receptor for ferrichrome and the antibiotic albomycin. (a), side view (b), side aspect with partly removed barrel to allow the view on the cork domain (c), top view. A single lipopolysaccharide molecule is tightly associated with the transmembrane region of FhuA (reproduced by permission of W. Welte and A. Brosig)... 

Plate 9 (Figure 13, Chapter 6, p. 316). Crystal structure of the BtuC2D2 complex involved in the uptake of vitamin B12. Two copies of the polytopic integral membrane protein BtuC are shown in blue and green. The two copies of the ATPase subunit BtuD are coloured orange and yellow. Bound ATP is presented in pink (reproduced by permission of K. Locher). For more details see the text... 

The author thanks Elisabeth Rohwer for technical assistance in the preparation of graphs and figures for this chapter. 

Figure 38, Chapter 3. A bifurcation diagram for the model of the Calvin cycle with product and substrate saturation as global parameters. Left panel Upon variation of substrate and product saturation (as global parameter, set equalfor all irreversible reactions), the stable steady state is confined to a limited region in parameter space. All other parameters fixed to specific values (chosen randomly). Right panel Same as left panel, but with all other parameters sampled from their respective intervals. Shown is the percentage r of unstable models, with darker colors corresponding to a higher percentage of unstable models (see colorbar for numeric values).

Figure 39, Chapter 3. Bifurcation diagrams for the model of the Calvin cycle for selected parameters. All saturation parameters are fixed to specific values, and two parameters are varied. Shown is the number of real parts of eigenvalues larger than zero (color coded), with blank corresponding to the stable region. The stability of the steady state is either lost via a Hopf (HO), or via saddle node (SN) bifurcations, with either two or one eigenvalue crossing the imaginary axis, respectively. Intersections point to complex (quasiperiodic or chaotic) dynamics. See text for details.

Figure 5, Chapter 2. Frequency distributions for the eight H bond classes of HOD molecules in D20. Labels are as described in the text and in Table I. 

Figure 8, Chapter 2. Frequency dependent orientation TCFs for H0D/H20 at room temperature. Sub ensembles are defined according to the value of the OD stretch frequency at t 0, and the curves correspond to five sub ensembles as labeled in the graph.

Figure 9, Chapter 2. Experimental [59] and theoretical values of the polarization anisotropy time correlation function at 100 fs, as a function of OD stretch frequency, for three different temperatures.

Figure 2, Chapter 3. Current mathematical representations of metabolism utilize a hierarchy of descriptions, involving different levels of detail and complexity. Current approaches to metabolic modeling exhibit a dichotomy between large and mostly qualitative models versus smaller, but more quantitative models. See text for details. The figure is redrawn from Ref. 23.

Figure 11, Chapter 3. Allosteric regulation A conformational change of the active site of an enzyme induced by reversible binding of an effector molecule (A). The model of Monod, Wyman, and Changeux (B) Cooperativity in the MWC is induced by a shift of the equilibrium between the T and R state upon binding of the receptor. Note that the sequential dissociation constants Kj and Kr do not change. The T and R states of the enzyme differ in their catalytic properties for substrates. Both plots are adapted from Ref. 140.

Figure 28, Chapter 3. The eigenvalues of the Jacobian of minimal glycolysis as a function of the influence of ATP on the first reaction V (ATP) (feedback strength). Shown is the largest real part of the eigenvalues (solid line), along with the corresponding imaginary part (dashed line). Different dynamic regimes are separated by vertical dashed lines, for > 0 the state is unstable. Transitions occur via a saddle node (SN) and a Hopf (HO) bifurcation. Parameters are v° 1, TP° 1, ATP0 0.5, At 1, and 6 0.8.

Plate 8 (Figure 5, Chapter 8, p. 189). Searching for mines and UXO in Mozambique using REST procedures. 

Fig. 11.4. Model of signal transduction via the IL-2 receptor. Binding of IL-2 to the IL-2 receptor initiates activation of the Janus kinases Jakl and Jak3. These phosphorylate tyrosine residues in the P-chain of the IL-2 receptor and in the transcription factor StatS. SH2 domains or PTB domains of adaptor proteins can bind to the Tyr phosphate residues of the P-chain and, as shown in the figure for the Shc/Grb2/Sos complex, can transmit a signal in the direction of the Ras pathway. The phosphorylated transcription factor StatS is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of corresponding gene sections. Another signaling pathway starting from the activated IL-2 receptor involves the Lck and Syk tyrosine kinases (see Chapter 8). The pathway leads to induction of genes for transcription factors such as c-Myc and c-Fos.

We ve rounded molar masses to the hundredths place before doing the calculations. Answers have been rounded according to the rules for significant figures (see Chapter 1 for details). 

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