Field-oriented isolation type

Figure 6.1 Different types of compact 3D metal deposits according to Fischer [6.8]. (a) Field-oriented isolation type (FI) of an Ag deposit (b) field-oriented texture type (FT). Cross section of Cu deposit from acid CUSO4 solution with addition of /5-naphthaquinoline (c) base-oriented reproduction type (BR). Cross section of Cu deposit (d) randomly-oriented dispersion type (RD). Cross section of Cu deposit from acid CuSO solution with addition of naphthaquinoline.

Figure 7.15 Winand diagram. Depending on current density and inhibition activity, Fischer classified four structural types of preferential observation a base-oriented reproduction type BR, a field-oriented texture type FT, an un-oriented dispersion type UD, and the field-oriented isolation type FI, which is near the origin of deposition or formation of isolated crystals and is not often observed.

The phenomenological classification of compact 3D Me deposits by Fischer (cf. Section 6.1) can be related to the nucleation and growth parameters discussed above. For example, the field-oriented isolation (FI) and texture (FT) types are caused by electric field-enhanced normal growth, the base-oriented reproduction (B t3 e corresponds to a relatively low nucleation rate and comparable normal and lateral growth rates, and the randomly-oriented dispersion (RD) type to an enhanced nucleation rate. 

The measurement of the polarization properties of light can be automated and improved by introducing a modulation of the polarization. Here a regular, time-dependent variation is introduced onto the optical properties of certain devices within either (or both) the PSG or PSA sections of the instrument. The modulation can be one of two types rotation of an optical element with fixed optical properties, or the modulation of the optical properties (retardation, for example) of an element with a fixed orientation. These are referred to as rotary modulators or field effect modulators, respectively. The latter name reflects the use of external fields (stress, electric or magnetic) to impart the modulation in these devices. In any case, a periodic oscillation is introduced into the signals that are measured that can effectively isolate specific optical properties in the sample. 

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