Field coupling

Oq, and, if die trap cycle field couples to die 0 long-range molecular state [57], die second Condon point occurs at 60 <3q. Survival against radiative relaxation improves greatly because die optical coupling occurs at much shorter... 

Near the outlet from the torch, at the end of the concentric tubes, a radio high-frequency coil produces a rapidly oscillating electromagnetic field in the flowing gas. The applied high-frequency field couples inductively with the electric fields of the electrons and ions in the plasma, hence the name inductively coupled plasma or ICP. 

In the operation of ferroelectric liquid crystal devices, the applied electric field couples directly to the spontaneous polarisation Ps and response times depend on the magnitude E Ps. Depending on the electronic structure (magnitude and direction of the dipole moment as well as position and polarity of the chiral species) and ordering of the molecules P can vary over several orders of magnitude (3 to 1.2 x 10 ), giving response times in the range 1-100 ps. 

One of the applications of TRXRD is to study complex systems where electric fields couple to multiple degrees of freedom. Though femtosecond laser pulses can generate THz radiation from ferroelectric LiTa03, the corresponding lattice motion remained undetected by optical measurements. Cavalleri and coworkers demonstrated the coherent modulation of the X-ray intensity at 1.5 THz [10], and assigned it as phonon-polariton mode of A symmetry (Fig. 3.3). Nakamura and coworkers detected the coherent LO phonon of CdTe... 

In the metal film case, the intensity is virtually zero for distances less than 5 nm. This quenching effect occurs at all angles, not just supercritical ones. The excitation energy is almost entirely converted into heat in the metal film. At larger distances, the dipole near field couples with surface plasmons whose emission into the glass is centered around 0 = 0P. At even larger distances, the near field is too weak to interact with the surface, and the supercritical intensity drops toward zero. 

The model of a reacting molecular crystal proposed by Luty and Eckhardt [315] is centered on the description of the collective response of the crystal to a local strain expressed by means of an elastic stress tensor. The local strain of mechanical origin is, for our purposes, produced by the pressure or by the chemical transformation of a molecule at site n. The mechanical perturbation field couples to the internal and external (translational and rotational) coordinates Q n) generating a non local response. The dynamical variable Q can include any set of coordinates of interest for the process under consideration. In the model the system Hamiltonian includes a single molecule term, the coupling between the molecular variables at different sites through a force constants matrix W, and a third term that takes into account the coupling to the dynamical variables of the operator of the local stress. In the linear approximation, the response of the system is expressed by a response function X to a local field that can be approximated by a mean field V ... 

Spin-orbital Crystal field coupling (Stark sublevels) (sublevels)... 

The numerical computations of the cross sections for molecular collisions in fields are demanding. Part of the complexity is due to the fact that most molecules of interest are open-shell radicals, so the basis for the coupled channel calculations must include multiple angular momentum states. In addition, the interactions of the molecules with an external field couple states with different total angular momenta. Note that in the presence of a single, axially symmetric field, the... 

We assume that the molecule-field coupling is dominated by the dipole transition interaction and represents the resonant continuous electric field e(f) in the form... 

We now add a term to the harmonic oscillator Lagrangian of the form A.< )4, where < ) is a field that represents the field coupled to the electron. To evaluate the amplitude, we then have the integral of the form... 

With the strong-field reference the situation is even more complex (because of the strong-field coupling coefficients) and computationally more tedious. Again, this path is redundant since in the complete dn space the same result should be obtained by the procedure outlined above. 

Objects having a dipole can be set into rotational motion by applying a torque by means of an electric field [95], Electrorotation is the rotation of particles as a consequence of the induction of dipole moments and torque exertion by a rotating electric field. Coupled electrorotation (CER) uses static external fields which are spatially fixed to induce dipoles in two or more adjacent particles. This creates oscillating components of the electric field, finally resulting in a rotating electric field (for more details, refer to the original literature [95]). 

Equations (4.329) for a solid assembly and (4.332) for a magnetic suspension are solved by expanding W with respect to the appropriate sets of functions. Convenient as such are the spherical harmonics defined by Eq. (4.318). In this context, the internal spherical harmonics used for solving Eq. (4.329) are written Xf (e, n). In the case of a magnetic fluid on this basis, a set of external harmonics is added, which are built on the angles of e with h as the polar axis. Application of a field couples [see the kinetic equation (4.332)] the internal and external degrees of freedom of the particle so that the dynamic variables become inseparable. With regard to this fact, the solution of equation (4.332) is constructed in the functional space that is a direct product of the internal and external harmonics ... 

Bawin, S. M. Sheppard, A. R. Adey, W. R. Possible mechanisms of weak electromagnetic field coupling in brain tissue. Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics 1978, 5, 67-76. 

Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field Coupled-Cluster Theory... 

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