Field amplified stacking

When solvent extraction is required, evaporation to dryness followed by dissolution of the residue in 100 pM phosphoric acid (for bases) provides for sample concentration as well as the ability to perform field-amplified stacking [40], This is discussed in Section 4.4. 

Whether the stacking technique is called field-amplified stacking, transient isotachophoresis, or sample self-stacking, the driving force in on-column sample preconcentration for charges species is the need to satisfy the initial KRF conditions. Under separation and sample matrix conditions where the KRF is difficult to determine, simply calculations such as flcut and a offer a rapid evaluation of conditions for optimal transient ITP. 

P. Zhang, G Xu, J. Xiong, Y. Zheng, Q. Yang and F. Wei, Determination of arsenie species by eapdlary electrophoresis with large-volume field-amplified stacking injection. Electrophoresis, 22,3567—3572, 2001. 

Gong, M. J., Wehmeyer, K. R., Limbach, R A., Arias, R, and Heineman, W. R., On-line sample preconcentration using field-amplified stacking injection in microchip capillary electrophoresis, Analytical Chemistry, 78, 3130-5131, 2006. 

Electrokinetic Preconcentration Field-amplified stacking (FAS) (Fig. 3a) is a technique with a long history, first introduced by Mikkers et al. in the late 1970s [12],... 

Biosample Preparation by Lab-on-a-Chip Devices, Fig. 3 Various types of preconcentration strategies, (a) Field-amplified stacking, (b) electrofocusing (various... 

Field-Amplified Stacking and Other Related Techniques... 

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