Fiber stabilization

As evidence of light guide fiber stabilization and control through processing refinement, plot of frequency of failure against the tensile strength (in hundreds of thousands pounds per square inch) shows extraordinary uniformity for the control system compared to wide distribution of failures from surface defects and other variations in a conventional fiber... 

Sizing for cotton and synthetic fibers stabilizers for adhesives, binders, and film-formers in pharmaceuticals thickeners production of films Machinery and business... 

The data showing a large difference in fiber stability between the calcium bicarbonate and calcium sulfate treated samples were contrary... 

Is a glyoxal reactant finishing resin to provide internal fiber stability and crease resistance to fabrics and chlorine resistance for properly cured finishes. 

The stabilization process is crucial for the quality of the final carbon fiber. Fusion and other damages to the fiber have to be avoided by applying a carefully balanced regime of time and temperature gradient. For most commercial carbon fiber precursor fibers, stabilization is a time-consuming and costly procedure. 

With regard to carbon fiber stabilization. Table 1 and Figure 3 clearly show that the vinyl halides depress the melting point considerably less than more voluminous monomers such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate or vinyl acetate, at comparable molar level. It can be concluded that fiber fusion will be less of a problem with the former, as compared with the latter. Figure 4 illustrates this point for copolymers AN/VBr as compared to AN/VA. The melting points are calculated using Eq. (2),... 

Table 3. Elementary analyses of carbon fibers. Stabilization 3 h, 250 °C time of carbonization 5 min...

Use Binding agents for wood, cotton, paper, glass fibers stabilizer, opacifier and dyestuff medium precoat for photosensitive papers. Adhesive for metal, glass, cotton, paper, and wood. 

A range of graphite-based mineral fiber stabilized flexible mats, which can be incorporated in a laminate and Technical Fiber Products... 

Since most stabilizers react in more than one way and combinations of additives are required to prepare stabilized polypropylene fiber, these materials are better discussed in accord with the function they perform for polypropylene rather than the mechanism by which they function. When making fibers, stabilizers are added to polypropylene to (1) provide melt extrusion stability (2) provide long-term thermal stability at normal use temperatures and (3) provide stability to exposure to UV light (sunlight). The degree to which these stabilizers effectively accomplish their objectives without introducing other objectionable effects, such as yellowing, determines the value of the resultant fiber product. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of NOx Uses Shortstopping agent for SBR wax hardener emulsion polymerization of diene monomers intermediate for basic dyes for syn. fibers stabilizer for colloidal disps. of metal oxides in lubricants in photographic color developers... 

Fabrication of CC begins after the PAN fiber stabilization step. With the stabilized fiber a spun yam is formed. The yam is put in a stretch-breaking machine, of common use in the fabric industry, which produces a fiber tow of certain lengths in a continuous way. The yam is then homogenized with the use of different machines and subsequently braided or directly weaved. Once the cloths are ready, they are heated between 1,000 °C and 2,500 °C (carbonization or graphitization) under an inert atmosphere. As for the CP, the final temperature and heating rate will depend on the desired properties [99, 100]. 

XPS was used by Brewis et al [58] to determine the levels and nature of oxidation in carbon fiber. ESCA revealed the presence on the carbon fiber surface of =C==0, =C—OH, Na, —S04, =C=C=, unoxidized nitrogen and silicone type Si. A direct relationship was found to exist between carbon fiber stability and the sodium present as Na2S04 (Figure 12.31). Figure 12.32 shows selected ESCA spectra [59]. 

Figure 20.34 Relationship between total sodium content and bare carbon fiber stability. Source Reprinted with permission from Gibbs HH, Wendt RC, Wilson FC, 33rd Ann Tech Conf SPI, 1978. Copyright 1978, The Society of Plastics Engineers.

Moisture content 0/ /o Fiber, stabilized, 21°C, 65% relative humidity Fiber-grade film 15 (3)... 

Fig. 124. Variation of the breaking strength as a function of the duration of heating in air at 180 C. 1) C apron fiber 2) capron fiber stabilized by 0.05% CUCI2.

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